Gender Discrimination as a Mediating Variable in the Relationship between Self-Silencing and Psychological Stress among University Students and Graduates

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Professor of Mental Health, Faculty of Education, Cairo, Al-Azhar University.

2 Lecturer of Mental Health, Faculty of Education, Tefahna El-Ashraf, Al-Azhar University.

10.21608/jsrep.2025.459947

Abstract

The current study aimed to identify the mediating role of gender discrimination in the relationship between self-silencing and psychological distress among university students and graduates. The study sample consisted of 400 male and female students (193 males and 207 females) from Al-Azhar University, first- and third-year students at the Faculties of Education for Boys and Humanities for Girls, at Tefahna El-Ashraf, graduate students at the Faculty of Education, Tefahna El-Ashraf, and students of the Educational Rehabilitation Department in Zagazig, aged between 18 and 30 years With an average age of (20.7) years and a standard deviation of (2.15) years. The qualitative discrimination scale (prepared by the researchers), the self-silencing scale (prepared by the researchers), and the psychological stress scale (prepared by the researchers) were used. The results showed a statistically significant positive relationship between qualitative discrimination, self-silencing, and psychological stress among university students and graduates. The results also showed a good fit between the proposed path analysis model and the research sample data regarding the relationships between self-silencing as an independent variable, qualitative discrimination as an intervening variable, and psychological stress as a dependent variable among university students and graduates. A direct and statistically significant effect was found between self-silencing as an independent variable, qualitative discrimination as an intervening variable, and psychological stress as a dependent variable among university students and graduates. There was also an indirect and statistically significant effect between the path of self-silencing and psychological stress as a dependent variable among university students and graduates through qualitative discrimination as an intervening variable. A difference was also found between males and females, as the effect was statistically significant for males for the intervening variable (qualitative discrimination), and the mediation was partial. As for females, the mediating variable (gender discrimination) had a statistically insignificant effect, and mediation was total. These results indicate variance and differences between males and females in the path analysis model. There are no statistically significant differences between the average scores of male and female university students and graduates according to gender (male - female) in gender discrimination, psychological stress, and self-silencing, except for the total score for self-silencing, the difficulty expressing one's true feelings dimension, and the coping dimension. There are also no statistically significant differences between the average scores of male and female university students and graduates according to the gender variable (students - graduates) in gender discrimination, and the total score for gender discrimination and its dimensions, except for the dimension of hostile discrimination and stereotyping related to the role (home - outside the home), where there are differences in favor of male students. There are also differences in self-silencing between male and female students, in favor of male students. There are no differences in coping dimension, and there are no differences in psychological stress. Keywords: gender discrimination, self-silencing, psychological stress, university students and graduates.                                                                                                       

Keywords


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