The Factorial Structure of the Bullying and Cyberbullying Scale among a Sample of Students Aged (12–18) in the Makkah Region

Al-Zahrani, Nouf Saleh Rihan; Bakla, Imtinan Saud; Al-Shaibani, Maryam Hijab

doi:10.21608/jsrep.2025.454596

The Factorial Structure of the Bullying and Cyberbullying Scale among a Sample of Students Aged (12–18) in the Makkah Region

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

¹ ¹M.A. in Measurement and Evaluation, Department of Psychology, College of Arts, Taif University, Saudi Arabia.

² ²M.A. in Educational Guidance and Counseling, Department of Psychology, College of Education, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia.

³ ³Associate Professor of Psychology, Taif University, Saudi Arabia.

10.21608/jsrep.2025.454596

Abstract

The study aimed to identify the factorial structure of the Bullying and Cyberbullying Scale (BCS-A) developed by Thomas et al. (2019) in the Saudi context, by applying it to a sample of students aged 12–18 years in the Makkah region, including the cities of Jeddah and Taif. The researcher used the descriptive correlational method, and the study sample consisted of 333 male and female students selected randomly. The scale consisted of two sections: the first for victims, containing 15 items, and the second for bullies, containing 12 items. The factorial structure was verified using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The CFA results showed an excellent model fit for the general factor, with values exceeding (0.98), indicating a high degree of fit for both the victim and bully subscales of bullying and cyberbullying. The EFA results showed that the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) measure reached (0.911), which is considered high and indicates excellent suitability of correlations between items. The findings revealed that Cronbach’s alpha for the bullying and cyberbullying scale (victim form) was (0.917) for face-to-face bullying, (0.854) for cyberbullying, and (0.939) for the overall scale. For the bully form, Cronbach’s alpha was (0.93) for face-to-face bullying, (0.85) for cyberbullying, and (0.945) for the overall scale. Accordingly, the current study supported that both subscales of the bullying and cyberbullying measure, as well as the overall scale, enjoy an excellent degree of reliability.

Keywords

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