Morphological Awareness Test among a Sample of English Language Department Students at the Faculty of Education for Boys in Cairo, Al-Azhar University

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 1Department of Educational Psychology and Educational Statistics, Faculty of Education for Boys in Cairo, Al-Azhar University, Egypt.

2 Department of Curriculum and Teaching Methods, Faculty of Education, Al-Azhar University, Cairo

Abstract

The study aimed at constructing a morphological awareness test in English as a foreign language among English Language Department students at the Faculty of Education for Boys in Cairo, Al-Azhar University, in addition to verifying the psychometric properties of the morphological awareness test in English as a foreign language. To meet such an end, the researcher administered the morphological awareness test in English as a foreign language to the third year students of the English Language Department at the Faculty of Education for Boys in Cairo, Al-Azhar University, during the first semester of the academic year 2021-2022 (totaling 126 out of 204) students who were the study population members. Their ages ranged from 19 to 23 years, with a mean age of 19.96 years and a standard deviation of 1.02 years. To verify the psychometric properties of the morphological awareness test in English as a foreign language, the two methods of content validity and jury validity were used as two methods of calculating validity, in addition to using Kuder-Richardson 20 method as a method of calculating reliability. The results of the study indicated that the test was characterized by high coefficients of content and jury validity. The results of the study also showed that the morphological awareness test in English as a foreign language was characterized by acceptable reliability indicators; the value of the reliability using Kuder-Richardson 20 was 0.7434, which indicates the readiness of the test to be used to measure morphological awareness.
 

Highlights

 

 

Keywords


 

 
Abu El-Wafa, M. (2013). The effect of training on metalinguistic awareness on English language proficiency (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Faculty of Education, Al-Azhar University, Cairo.
 
Abu Hathab, F., Osman, S., & Sadik, A. (2008). Psychological assessment (4th ed.). Anglo-Egyptian Library.
 
Abu Alam, R. (2011). Research methods in psychology and education (6th ed.). University Press.
ثانياً: المراجع الأجنبية
Apel, K., & Soper, S. (2017). Morphological awareness: One piece of the literacy pie. The International Dyslexia Association. Retrieved from  http://www.DyslexiaIDA.org                                                                      
Apel, K., & Werfel, K. (2014). Using morphological awareness instruction to improve written language skills. Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools. 45 (4), 251-260.‏
Badawi, M. (2019). The effect of explicit English morphology instruction on EFL secondary school students' morphological awareness and reading comprehension. English Language Teaching, 12 (4), 166-178.                                                                                                
Bernstein, S., Flipse, J., Jin, Y., & Odegard, T. (2020). Word and sentence level tests of morphological awareness in reading. Reading and Writing, 1-26. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1007/s11145-020-10024-6                                                                                                                    
Carlisle, J. (1995). Morphological awareness and early reading achievement. In Feldman, L.  (Ed.), Morphological aspects of language processing (189–209). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.                          
Carlisle, J. (2010). Effects of instruction in morphological awareness on literacy achievement: An integrative review. Reading Research Quarterly, 45 (4), 464-487.‏ 
Carlisle, J., & Stone, C. (2005). Exploring the role of morphemes in word reading. Reading Research Quarterly, 40 (4), 428-449.
Coggins, J. (2016). Measurement of morphological awareness of fourth and fifth grade students with reading difficulties (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Middle Tennessee State University.                       
Contreras, K. (2018). The Effect of derivational morphology awareness of Spanish-speaking intermediate (A2) EFL learners on vocabulary acquisition and reading skills (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Faculty of Philosophy, Letters and Educational Sciences, University of  Cuenca.                                                                                                        
Deacon, S., Benere, J., & Pasquarella, A. (2013). Reciprocal relationship: Children's morphological awareness and their reading accuracy across grades 2 to 3. Developmental Psychology, 49(6), 1-14.                              
Freeman, N., Townsend, D., & Templeton, S. (2019). Thinking about words: First graders’ response to morphological instruction. The Reading Teacher, 72 (4), 463-473.                                                               
Ghaemi, H., Soleymani, Z., & Dadgar, H. (2010). Comparitive study of the role of morphological awareness in accuracy, speed and comprehension of reading in dyslexic and normal children in second grade of primary school. Journal of Modern Rehabilitation, 4 (3), 23-28.‏
Hamavandi, M., Rezai, M., & Mazdayasna, G. (2017). Dynamic assessment of morphological awareness in the EFL context. Cogent Education, 4 (1), 1-14.                                                                           
Hiebert, E., & Bravo, M. (2010). Morphological knowledge and learning to read in English. California: TextProject, Inc.  
Jiang, Y., Kuo, L., & Sonnenburg-Winkler, S. (2015). Morphological awareness and reading comprehension: A qualitative study with adult EFL learners. International Journal of Language and Linguistics, 2 (5), 18-26.‏
Kieffer, M., & Lesaux, N. (2008). The role of derivational morphology in the reading comprehension of Spanish-speaking English language learners. Reading and Writing, 21 (8), 783-804.                                         
Lam, K., Chen, X., Geva, E., Luo, Y., & Li, H. (2012). The role of morphological awareness in reading achievement among young Chinese-speaking English language learners: A longitudinal study. Reading and Writing, 25(8), 1847-1872.
                                                                         
McBride–Chang, C., Wagner, R., Muse, A., Chow, B., & Shu, H. (2005). The role of morphological awareness in children's vocabulary acquisition in English. Applied psycholinguistics, 26 (3), 415-435.                              
McLeod, A., & Apel, K. (2015). Morphological awareness intervention: Study of a child with a history of speech and language impairment. Communication Disorders Quarterly, 36 (4), 208-218.  
Mirahadi, S., Soleymani, Z., Alayiaboozar, E., & Dadgar, H. (2017). Investigating the relationship between morphological awareness and reading skills in the third and fourth grade dyslexia and normal developing readers. Journal of Modern Rehabilitation, 11 (3), 155-160. 
Oz, H. (2014). Morphological awareness and some implications for English language teaching. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 136, 98-103.
Saifu Ed-Deen, G. (2019). The effectiveness of morphological awareness training program in developing English word-knowledge skills among Al-Azhar preparatory stage pupils (Unpublished master's thesis). Faculty of Education, Al- Azhar University.
Siegel, L. (2008). Morphological awareness skills of English language learners and children with dyslexia. Topics in Language Disorders, 28 (1), 15-27.‏
Solehuddin, M., Gunawan, W., & Kurniawan, E. (2019). Kindergartners’ morphological awareness, its instruction and guidance in the Indonesian context. Indonesian Journal of Applied Linguistics, 9 (1), 138-147.          
Tibi, S. (2016). Cognitive and linguistic factors of reading Arabic: the role of morphological awareness in reading (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). The Faculty of Education, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.    
                                                                                     
Wilson, B. (2017). Teaching total word structure: systematic, explicit and integrated instruction in phonology, morphology and orthography. Wilson Language Training Corporation.
 
Wolter, J., & Green, L. (2013). Morphological awareness intervention in school-age children with language and literacy deficits: A case study. Topics in Language Disorders, 33(1), 27-41.                                    
Xie, R., & Wu, X. (2019). The relationship between morphological awareness and reading comprehension among Chinese children. Frontiers in psychology, 10, 54.      
                                                                            
Zoski, J. (2015). Kindergarten linguistic awareness intervention: The effects of phonological, morphological, and orthographic instruction on early literacy outcomes in at-risk students (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). The School of Medicine, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.‏