Manifestations of Bullying Against the Wife from The Point of View of Female Educational Rehabilitation Students at Al-Azhar University and Its Treatment from The Perspective of Islamic Education

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Assistant Professor of Educational Leadership, University of Hail

2 Assistant Professor of Educational Administration, University of Hail

Abstract


This study investigated marital bullying among female students at Al-Azhar University, examining its causes, manifestations, and effects. It aimed to determine the prevalence of bullying based on factors like marital status, education, income, and residence. Additionally, it proposed treatment methods for marital bullying from an Islamic perspective. The study relied on the descriptive approach through a questionnaire consisting of three axes that included (43) aspects, which was applied electronically to a sample of (1026) female students.The study found that wives experience moderate levels of bullying from their husbands. The most common form of bullying is related to the husband's behavior and dealings with his wife. Bullying related to her education and culture is the second most frequent. Bullying related to her body and senses is the least common. The highest manifestations of bullying are remaining silent and neglecting to respond to conversations with the wife, and the least of them are mocking the wife’s neck and head, and not pronouncing certain letters. The worst form of bullying is ignoring or silencing someone. The least severe is mockery and mispronunciation. There were also statistically significant differences according to the social status variable on the manifestations of bullying towards the miss category. This study proposed treating marital bullying through Islamic education by focusing on faith development, school-based interventions, and marital guidance. It also recommended further research on psychological and social support for affected women.

Keywords

References

Arnout, B. A., & Al‐Qadimi, F. Y. (2020). A structural equation modeling analysis of marital bullying scale. Journal of Public Affairs, 20(3), e2045.
Creswell, J. (2012). Educational research: planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research, (4th ed), USA: Pearson Education, p.618
Dattalo, P. (2008). Determining sample size: Balancing power, precision, and practicality. oxford university press.‏ p.4
Field, A. (2009). Discovering Statistics Using SPSS (3rd Ed).‏ SAGE, p.675
http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/77432/1/WHO_RHR_12.36_eng.pdf
Jackson, S. (2009). Research Methods and Statistics: A Critical Thinking Approach, (3th ed), USA: Wadsworth, P. 65
Ravneet, K., & Suneela, G. (2008). Addressing Domestic Violence Against Woman: An Unfinished Agenda. Indian Community Med, 33(2), 73-76.
Schwartz, D., Dodge, K., Petit, G., & Bates, J. (1997). The Early Socialization of Aggressive Victims of Bullying. Child Development, 68(4). 665-675.
Turns, B. A., & Sibley, D. S. (2018). Does Maternal Spanking Lead to Bullying Behaviors at School? A Longitudinal Study. Journal of Child & Family Studies, 27 (9), 2824–2832. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-018-1129-x.
World Health Organization (2012). Understanding and addressing violence against women. Retrieved: May 20, 2017, from.
 
مواقع الكترونية:
بوابة الآزهر. (2019).  التنمر.. ودوره في التطرف. الثلاثاء 7 مايو وحدة رصد اللغة الفرنسية
 www.azhar.eg/load2/ArtMID/7268/ArticleID/44769/
صحيفة الرياض "هجاء الأزواج والزوجات" في 7/1/2024 على الرابط التالي
https://www.alriyadh.com/764883
Study references
  Ibn Hanbal, Ahmad. (2001). Musnad Imam Ahmad Bin Hanbal. Edited by Shu'ayb Al-Arna'ut et al., Al-Risalah Publishing House.
  Ibn Majah, Abu Abdullah Muhammad Bin Yazid Ibn Majah Al-Qazwini. (2009). Sunan Ibn Majah. Edited by Shu'ayb Al-Arna'ut et al., Dar Al-Risalah Al-Alamiyah.
Ibn Manzur, Muhammad Bin Makram Bin Ali. (1990). Lisan Al-Arab. Volume 7, Dar Sader-Beirut.
Abu Al-Diyar, Mas'ad. (2010). Bullying Among Individuals with Learning Disabilities: Its Manifestations, Causes, and Treatment. Kuwait: Child Evaluation and Education Source.
  Abu Dawud, Sulayman Bin Al-Ash'ath Al-Azdi Al-Sijistani. (2009). Sunan Abu Dawud. Edited by Shu'ayb Al-Arna'ut, Dar Al-Risalah Al-Alamiyah.
  Abu Salimah, Najla' Fathi Muhammad. (2018). Attachment Patterns with the Partner and Their Relationship to Marital Bullying Among Married Postgraduate Students: A Psychometric and Clinical Study. Journal of Educational and Human Studies, 10(4), Part 3, 305-376.
  Abu Allam, Rajaa Mahmoud. (2011). Research Methods in Psychological and Educational Sciences, (6th ed.), Cairo: Universities Publishing House, p. 492.
  Abu Omar, Shihab al-Din, known as Ibn Abd Rabbih al-Andalusi. The Natures of Women and Their Wonders, Stories, and Secrets. Quran Library – Cairo.
  Abu Ghabush, Riham et al. (2021). The Characteristics of the Lives of Divorcees and Their Relationships Before Divorce: A Study on a Sample of Divorcees in Jordan. Journal of Studies and Research, 13(1), 294-311.
  Ahmad, Mashair Bashir Ali. (2023). The Phenomenon of Bullying in the Light of Quranic Verses and the Prophetic Sunnah: An Analytical Evaluative Study. Ramah Journal of Research and Studies, (81), Human Resources Development Center - Ramah, 2023, 301-330, June.
  Ismail, Osama Zainhum Mahmoud. (2023). The Reality of the Role of Preparatory Al-Azhar Teachers in Educating Students on Dealing with Bullying and Ways to Deepen It According to the Islamic Educational Perspective, Journal of Educational Sciences, Cairo University - Faculty of Graduate Studies, 32(1), 41-100 January.
  Al-Shahd, Amal Bint Abdullah Bin Othman. (2021). The Phenomenon of Bullying Between the Past and Present in the Light of the Holy Quran. Journal of Islamic Sciences, 4(4), National Research Center Gaza, 81-101.
  Imam, Muhammad Ali Muhammad. (2009). The Righteousness of Homes in the Effort of the Prophet - Peace Be Upon Him, Al-Salam Press - Mit Ghamr, Egypt.
  Al-Bukhari, Abu Abdullah Muhammad Bin Ismail. (1379 AH). Adab Al-Mufrad, Edited by Muhammad Fuad Abdul-Baqi, Al-Salafi Printing Press and Library – Cairo.
  Al-Bukhari, Abu Abdullah Muhammad Bin Ismail. (1422 AH). Sahih Al-Bukhari, Edited by: A Group of Scholars, Dar Tuq Al-Najat – Beirut.
 Al-Bayhaqi, Abu Bakr Ahmad Bin Al-Husayn Bin Ali Bin Musa Al-Khurasani. (1989). Al-Sunan Al-Saghir. Edited by Abdul-Muti Amin Qalaji, University of Islamic Studies, Karachi - Pakistan.
  Al-Bayhaqi, Abu Bakr Ahmad Bin Al-Husayn Bin Ali Bin Musa Al-Khurasani. (2000). Shu'ab Al-Iman. Edited by Abu Hajar Muhammad Al-Said Bin Basuni Zaghul, Dar Al-Kutub Al-Ilmiyah, Beirut - Lebanon.
  Jalal, Riham, Dawam, Fatima, Badawi, Amina. (2024). Marital Bullying as Perceived by the Wife and its Relationship to Family Communication. Journal of Home Economics. Menoufia University.
  Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics (July 2022). Annual Bulletin of Marriage and Divorce Statistics for 2021. Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics, Arab Republic of Egypt.
  Al-Hamdani, Yasser Bin Ahmad Bin Mahmoud. (n.d.). Encyclopedia of Tenderness and Literature.
  Khudair, Mervat Ibrahim. (2023). Bullying Against the Wife and Its Relationship to Learned Helplessness and Marital Silence Among a Sample of Wives in Light of Some Demographic Variables. Journal of Educational and Human Studies, 15(4), 175-270.
  Al-Dulaimi, Tahsin Adnan Muhammad. (2023). The Role of the Islamic Education Curriculum in Confronting Undesirable Behavioral Phenomena: Bullying as a Model. Journal of the Iraqi University, 3(60), Iraqi University, Center for Research and Islamic Studies, 345-353, June.
  Saafan, Muhammad. (2012). The Intermediate in Life Problems: 100 Psychological and Social Problems, Diagnostic Methods, and Treatment Methods. Cairo: Dar Al-Kitab Al-Hadith.
  Al-Suhaymi, Muhammad Bin Hasan Ibrahim. (2021). The Role of the Islamic Education Teacher in Reducing Bullying Among Middle School Students in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia from the Perspective of Educational Supervisors. Arab Studies in Education and Psychology, (136), Arab Educators Association, 399-424.
  Shayea, Rana. (2018). Bullying Behavior and Its Relationship with Mental Health Among Middle School Students. Journal of Basic Education College, (40), 364-379.
  Al-Sabuni, Muhammad Ali. (1981). Mukhtasar Tafsir Ibn Kathir, Dar Al-Quran Al-Karim, Beirut – Lebanon.
  Al-Saleh, Subhi Ibrahim. (1984). Sciences and Terminology of Hadith. 15th ed., Dar Al-Ilm Lilmalayin, Beirut – Lebanon.
  Al-Sayyad, Iman Muhammad. (2022). Causes and Effects of the Divorce Phenomenon on Women and Children: A Comparative Study Between Rural and Urban Areas in Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate. Journal of Human and Literary Studies, (27), 85-116.
  Al-Tabarani, Abu Al-Qasim Suleiman Bin Ahmad. (1994). Al-Mu'jam Al-Kabir. 2nd ed. Edited by Hamdi Bin Abdul-Majid Al-Salafi, Ibn Taymiyyah Library – Cairo.
  Al-Tabarani, Abu Al-Qasim Suleiman Bin Ahmad. (1995). Al-Mu'jam Al-Awsat. Edited by Abu Mu'adh Tariq Bin Awadallah Bin Muhammad et al., Dar Al-Haramayn – Cairo.
  Tweir, Ahlam Muhammad Ali. (2021). Treating the Phenomenon of Bullying in the Light of a Verse. Journal of Islamic University Studies in Gaza, 29, Dean of Scientific Research and Graduate Studies, 363-385, April.
  Al-Adli, Rahba Abbas. (2012). Sibling Rivalry Disorder and Its Relationship with Anger and Bullying Among Middle School Students. Journal of Educational and Psychological Sciences, Iraqi Society for Educational and Psychological Sciences, Issue 91, 235-335.
  Abdul Jawad, Inam. (2016). Comprehensive Social Survey of Egyptian Society: Phase Two 1980-2010, Family Volume, National Center for Social and Criminological Research, Cairo - Egypt. pp. 70-71.
  Al-Otaibi, Sarah Swaylem. (2020). The Degree to Which Middle School Teachers in Afif Governorate in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Practice Methods of Warning Against Bullying in the Light of Islamic Education. Journal of Educational and Psychological Sciences, 4(18), National Research Center Gaza, 46-66.
  Al-Uthaymeen, Muhammad Bin Saleh Bin Muhammad. (1421 AH). Explanation of Riyadh Al-Salihin, Dar Al-Watan Publishing, Riyadh.
  Ajajah, Safaa Ahmed. (2020). Marital Bullying and Its Relationship with Burnout in Women. Journal of the Faculty of Education, 3(122) Benha University, Faculty of Education, 63-128.
  Omar, Ahmad Mukhtar. (2008). Contemporary Arabic Language Dictionary. Cairo: Alam Al-Kutub.
  Al-Amri, Salha. (2019). The Reality of School Bullying Problem Among Primary School Students: Prevention and Treatment. Journal of Educational and Psychological Sciences, 3(7), 30-44.
  Al-Anzi, Maryam Abdul Hadi. (2024). Sibling Bullying: Its Manifestations, Causes, and Ways of Confrontation. A Field Study on a Sample of First-Year Students at King Saud University. Association of Social Workers in Sharjah, 41(161), 49-88.
  Awad, Reem Abdullah Saleh. (2023). Bullying: Its Causes, Effects, and Treatment in the Light of the Prophetic Sunnah. Journal of Arts, 11(3), Dhamar University - Faculty of Arts, 279-313, September.
  Awad, Jehan Ahmad Hamza. (2023). Negative Cognitive Evaluations and Psychological Distress as Predictors of Marital Bullying Among a Sample of Wives in the Qassim Region. King Khalid University Journal of Educational Sciences, 10(1), King Khalid University, Faculty of Education, Center for Educational Research, 1-29.
 Gharib, Nada Nasruddin Khalil Muhammad. (2017). The Relationship Between School Bullying Among Preparatory Stage Students and Some Personality Traits and Family Relationships. Journal of Scientific Research in Education, 4(18), 1-30.
  Al-Ghazali, Muhammad Bin Muhammad Bin Ahmad. (2011). Revival of Religious Sciences. Vol. 5, Dar Al-Minahaj, Saudi Arabia.
  Fathy, Abd Al-Salam. (2024). A Proposed Strategy Based on Developing Creative Abilities for Managing Family Affairs and Its Relation to Reducing the Phenomenon of Marital Bullying from the Wife's Perspective. Journal of Home Economics, Menoufia University, 34(1), 159-199.
  Qasim, Marwan Adnan. (2022). The Relationship Between Quality of Life and Family Bullying in the Social Environment of Gaza Strip: A Field Study from the Perspective of Al-Azhar University Students in Gaza. Ramah Journal of Research and Studies, (64), 269-304.
  Kshaib, Khairiya Imran. (2023). Bullying Behavior in Children: Its Concept, Causes, and Treatment. Journal of Human and Applied Sciences, (15), 198-212.
  Mabrouk, Rasha. (2013). Psychological Needs in Light of Maslow's Theory: A Comparative Study Between the Blind and the Sighted. Journal of the Faculty of Education, Port Said University, Issue (10).
 Majid, Sawsan Shaker. (2014). Fundamentals of Building Psychological and Educational Tests and Measures. Jordan: Debono Center for Teaching Thinking, p. 104.
  Muhammad, Jihan Eid Zidan. (2023). The Effectiveness of a Counseling Program in Improving Social Intelligence Among a Sample of Children Victims of Bullying. Annals of Ain Shams Arts, 51, 251-277.
  Muslim, Abu Al-Husayn Muslim Bin Al-Hajjaj. (1433 AH). Sahih Muslim. Dar Tuq Al-Najat – Beirut.
  Al-Nasa'i, Abu Abdul Rahman Ahmad Bin Shu'ayb. (2001). Al-Sunan Al-Kubra. Edited by Hasan Abdul Munim Shalabi et al., Al-Risalah Foundation – Beirut.
  Al-Nubi, Ghada Muhammad Husni. (2021). The Impact of a Family Education Training Program Based on the Ethical Analysis Approach to Develop Awareness of Family Bullying and Crisis Management Skills Among Newly Married Women. Journal of Educational Science, Sohag University, 3(87), 1115-1180, July.
  Hedaya Shamoun. (2010). The Reality of Domestic Violence Against Women in the Southern Governorates of Gaza. Retrieved from www.womengateway.com.
 
Websites:
Al-Azhar Portal. (2019). Bullying and Its Role in Extremism. Tuesday, May 7, French Language Monitoring Unit. www.azhar.eg/load2/ArtMID/7268/ArticleID/44769/
Al-Riyadh Newspaper "Satire of Husbands and Wives" on 7/1/2024, available at the following link: https://www.alriyadh.com/764883
Published on the internet on 7/1/2024 at the following link:
 

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics