Abu Thantin, Tawaf Rafaa. (2021). The effect of teaching science using augmented reality technology in developing motivation for learning and academic achievement among second-grade students in the intermediate stage in Afif Governorate. Journal of the Islamic University for Educational and Psychological Studies, 30 (3), 520 - 549.
Aswad, Sajid Ahmed. (2023). The effectiveness of a proposed training program based on reflective teaching to develop teaching skills among geography teachers in the primary stage. Journal of Anbar University for Humanities, Anbar University (1), 853- 890.
Bahlol, Sherifa Wafaa, and Jadla, Marwa. (2021). The effect of electronic games on the academic achievement of university students, a field study on a sample of electronic game users. Unpublished master's thesis, College of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Arab Tebessi - Tebessa, Algeria.
Al-Harthi, Abdul Aziz Ghassab. (2020). The effectiveness of a proposed training program to develop teaching skills among mathematics teachers in the primary stage in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in light of the integration approach between mathematics, science, engineering and technology. Culture and Development, Culture for Development Association, 20(148), 63-90.
Al-Hadith, Ihsan Omar, & Al-Jabouri, Farqad Abdul Hadi. (2011). Common methods and approaches in teaching Islamic education in the intermediate stage from the point of view of Islamic education teachers, female teachers and specialist supervisors. Journal of Educational and Psychological Research, University of Baghdad, Iraq, (28), 71-95.
Al-Harbi, Reham Mukhaimer. (2021). The effectiveness of the lesson research strategy in developing teaching skills among female teachers of Islamic sciences in the primary stage. Journal of the Faculty of Education, University of Khartoum, 13(18), 104-132.
Al-Khalifa, Mutawa. (2015). Effective teaching skills, quality of education and mastery for the learner. Al-Rashd Library.
Al-Dosari, Issa Khalaf (2022). Self-professional development of faculty members in Saudi universities from the perspective of academic leaders. Journal of the Faculty of Education, Assiut University, 38(2), 230-274.
Al-Rajoub, Maysaa Faeq, Rawashdeh, Ibrahim Faisal, & Al-Rajoub, Mahmoud Hassan Bani Khalaf. (2017). The effectiveness of a training program for science teachers with an active learning approach in acquiring scientific concepts among eighth-grade students and developing their critical thinking and attitudes towards active learning. Journal of Al-Quds Open University for Humanities and Social Research, 1(36), 58-90.
Al-Radady, Fahd bin Ayed bin Manawer. (2017). The effectiveness of a proposed training program based on active learning in developing teaching skills among teachers of Islamic sciences and their attitudes towards it in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The First International Educational Conference for Educational and Psychological Studies: Towards a Modern Vision of the Reality of Educational and Psychological Challenges, Vol. 2, Selangor: Al-Madinah International University - Faculty of Education, 328-348.
Rasheed, Sheikhi. (2013). Factors and Obstacles to Academic Achievement. Al-Baheth Journal, 5(2), 118-142.
Al-Zahrani, Hamdan bin Muhammad, and Al-Ghamdi, Muwaffaq Ali. (2022). Reasons for the Low Results of Primary and Intermediate School Students in Achievement Tests (Central) in Al-Baha Region: A Field Study. Journal of Reading and Knowledge, 22(243), 155-207.
Zaytoun, Ayesh. (2017). Science Teaching Methods. 8th Edition, Amman: Dar Al-Shorouk for Publishing, Distribution and Printing.
Zaytoun, Hassan. (2006). Teaching Skills "A Vision in Implementing Teaching". Cairo: Alam Al-Kutub.
Al-Sanani, Muhammad bin Khalifa, & Al-Abdelsalam, Walaa bint Saeed. (2023). The Effectiveness of Employing Augmented Reality Technology in Teaching Science on Developing Academic Achievement and Visual Thinking for Fourth-Grade Basic Students. The Egyptian Journal of Scientific Education, 26(3), 42-72.
Al-Sayed, Fouad Al-Bahi. (1979). Statistical Psychology and Measurement of the Human Mind. Cairo: Dar Al Fikr Al Arabi.
Al-Shaili, Ali bin Huwaishel bin Ali, & Al-Zaidia, Zainab bint Ibrahim bin Zaher. (2024). The effectiveness of teaching science using the REACT strategy in scientific and engineering practices and academic achievement among Omani female students. International Journal of Educational and Psychological Studies, 13(3), 371-387.
Al-Sulayhim, Hanan Ali. (2022). The effectiveness of a proposed training program based on the requirements of the International Trends in the Study of Science and Mathematics (TIMSS) in developing teaching skills among intermediate science teachers and the academic achievement of their female students. Journal of Educational and Psychological Sciences, 6(57), 78-104.
Samili, Yahya Idris Abdo. (2017). The extent of availability of professional standards in the field of teaching science among primary school teachers in Samtah Governorate, Jazan Region. Journal of Arab Studies in Education and Psychology, (89), 311 - 328.
Tablan, Ahmed Rajih. (2004). The effectiveness of a proposed program for training geography teachers in map drawing skills. Journal of Studies in Curricula and Teaching Methods, Egyptian Association for Curricula and Teaching Methods, Egypt, (98), 14- 40.
Al-Tawansy, Mervat Mohamed, & Bayoumi, Nagwa Suleiman, & Salem, Mervat Mohamed. (2010). Evaluation of in-service training programs in light of quality standards for physical education teachers in the Sultanate of Oman (paper presentation). The Thirteenth International Scientific Conference - Physical Education and Sports - Millennium Challenges, Helwan University, Faculty of Physical Education for Boys in Haram, Cairo: Egypt.
Al-Ajez, Fouad Ali, Al-Lawh, Essam Hassan, & Al-Ashqar, Yasser Hassan. (2010). The reality of training secondary school teachers during service in the Gaza Strip governorates. Journal of the Islamic University, Humanities Studies Series, 18(2).
Abdul Rahman, Fadia Hassan, & Abu Snena, Awda Abdul Jawad. (2023). The effect of using the strategy of prior and acquired knowledge in the achievement of science and the acquisition of scientific concepts among third-grade students in Jordan. Journal of Curricula and Teaching Methods, 2(10), 55- 79.
Abdul Qader, Ashraf Muhammad. (2018). Evaluation of the targeted learning outcomes of the physical education curriculum for the preparatory stage in light of the national standard criteria. Scientific Journal of Sports Sciences and Arts, 15(15), 214- 230.
Atiya, Mukhtar Abdul Khaliq. (2013). The effectiveness of a training program based on integrated e-learning in developing teaching skills and the trend towards e-learning among students who are Arabic language teachers. Educational Journal of the Faculty of Education in Sohag, 33(33), 1- 46.
Al-Omari, Wasal. (2022). The effect of employing brain-based learning on achievement and developing self-efficacy among seventh-grade female students in science. International Journal of Psychological and Educational Research, 1(1), 1- 103.
Al-Anzi, Amal. (2022). The effect of teaching science using the POE strategy on the achievement of scientific concepts and decision-making skills among primary school students. Umm Al-Qura University Journal of Educational and Psychological Sciences, 1(14), 29- 42.
Al-Fatlawi, Suhaila Mohsen. (2010). Introduction to Teaching. Dar Shorouk.
Al-Qahtani, Badriya Saad Abu Hasil. (2023). The effectiveness of teaching science using the cognitive modeling strategy on achievement and developing some soft skills among second-grade middle school female students. Journal of the Islamic University for Educational and Social Sciences, (16), 187-238.
Al-Kathiri, Nasra Abdullah, & Al-Dhafiri, Latifa Takhman. (2017). Problems facing educational supervisors in the field of in-service teacher training in Afif Governorate. The World of Education, 18(57), 1-52.
Al-Laqani, Ahmed, & Al-Jamal, Ali. (2003). Dictionary of Educational Terms in Curricula and Teaching Methods. Cairo: The World of Books.
Al-Maliki, Misfir Ayda. (2011). Teaching Performance of Islamic Education Teachers for the Secondary Stage in Light of Total Quality Standards in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Journal of Reading and Knowledge, Egyptian Society for Reading and Knowledge, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, Egypt, (121), 83-116.
Metwally, Alaa El-Din Saeed. (2004). Developing Mathematics Teacher Training Programs in the Sultanate of Oman in Light of Contemporary Global Trends. The 16th Scientific Conference of the Egyptian Association for Curricula and Teaching Methods, Teacher Training, Cairo, July 21-22, Ain Shams University, Egypt, (2), 385-403.
Mohamed, Asmaa Mohamed Abdel Hamid. (2015). The Relationship of Achievement Goals and Self-Regulated Learning to Academic Performance among Female University Students. Journal of Scientific Research in Education, (16), 487-526.
National Center for Measurement. (2023). Mechanism for Implementing National Tests "Nafes" 2023. Education and Training Evaluation Commission, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Available at: www.etec.gov.sa
Al-Mutairi, Moudi bint Al-Darzi. (2024). Improving Learning Outcomes in Light of Nafes Tests. Ministry of Education, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Available at: https://online.fliphtml5.com/swzmd/vnwn/#p=4
Al-Maadidi, Ziad Badr Hamad Suleiman. (2023). The Effect of Harvest Strategy for Serious Creativity on Achievement and Developing Satisfaction with Learning in Science for Second Intermediate Grade Students. Journal of Sustainable Studies, 5, Supplement, 811-838.
Al-Maafa, Muhammad Yahya Hussein. (2009). A Proposed Training Program for Developing Teaching Skills for Social Subjects Teachers in the Preparatory Stage. Scientific Journal of the Faculty of Education, Faculty of Education, Dhamar University, Yemen, 1(7), 93-128.
Al-Maaytah, Hiam. (2019). The Effect of Teaching with the Prior and Acquired Knowledge (K-W-L) Strategy on Increasing Achievement in Science for Eighth Grade Female Students in Aqaba Governorate, Jordan, Journal of Educational and Psychological Sciences, 3(19), 20-40.
Al-Mawalia, Iman. (2022). The Effect of Virtual Professional Learning Communities on Academic Achievement of Tenth Grade Female Students at Asiya Bint Muzahim School in Science under Distance Education. Arab Journal of Measurement and Evaluation, 3(5), 1-89.
Mughnia, Qawish. (2017). Aggressive behavior and its relationship to academic achievement. Journal of Cultural Dialogue, 6(2), 1-9.
Miliani, Abdul Karim. (2018). School social adjustment and its relationship to academic achievement among middle school students "A field study in some educational institutions in the state of M'Sila". Journal of Social Studies, 1(2), 36-56.
Al-Mahidli, Reem, Al-Yami, Hadiya, Al-Bandari, Al-Khalaf, Al-Rasheed, Badriya, and Al-Mutairi, Ansaf. (2024). Reasons for the low results of male and female students in the primary and middle school stages in the national tests "Nafis" from the point of view of female teachers. Journal of Arts, Literature, Humanities and Social Sciences, Emirates College of Educational Sciences, (107), 151-175.
Nasser, Rasul Hazem Suleiman, and Al-Afoun, Nadia Hussein Younes. (2023). The effect of the idea filtering strategy on the achievement of second-grade intermediate female students in science. Journal of Educational and Psychological Research, (76), 450-470.
Education Evaluation Commission (1437). Professional standards for teachers in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Retrieved on 4/8/2022 https://www.etec.gov.sa/
Education and Training Evaluation Commission. (2023). Learning outcomes document for national tests in the areas of reading - mathematics - natural sciences. Ministry of Education, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, available at: https://nafs.etec.gov.sa/assets/media/pdf/ar.pdf
Education and Training Evaluation Commission. (2024). Saudi Ministry of Education. Available at: https://etec.gov.sa/ar/etec/foundation
Ministry of Education (2011). Guide to King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz Project for the Development of Public Education. Riyadh: Publications, Ministry of Education, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Ministry of Education (1416). Supreme Committee for Education Policy in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. 4th ed., Riyadh: Ministry of Education Press.
المراجع الأجنبية:
Al Mayahi, E. A. (2020). The effectiveness of the harvest strategy in achievement and mental motivation among physics department students - College of Education, Journal of Xi'an University of Architecture & Technology, p:2165-2185.
Aldila, F. T., Rini, E. F. S., Octavia, S. W., Khaidah, H. N., Sinaga, F. P., & Septiani, N. (2023). The relationship of teacher teaching skills and learning interests of physics students of senior high school. EduFisika: Jurnal Pendidikan Fisika, 8(1), 101-105.
Al-Nawaisah, F. K. (2022). The Effectiveness of Edmodo Educational Platform in Developing Achievement and Attitude towards Science Subject among Ninth-Grade Students in Jordan. Britain International of Linguistics Arts and Education (BIoLAE) Journal, 4(2), 154-172.
Anastasiou, D., Wirngo, C. N., & Bagos, P. (2024). The Effectiveness of Concept Maps on Students’ Achievement in Science: A Meta-Analysis. Educational Psychology Review, 36(2), 39.
Darling, L. (2009). Guru Yang Baik Di Setiap Kelas. trj. Ida Kusuma Dewi dan Bayu Budiharjo. Jakarta: PT Indeks.
Derilo, R. C. (2024). Synergistic effect of learning environments, and familial factors on generation Z learners’ academic achievement in science. International Journal of Instruction, 17(4), 503-520.
Francis-Poscente, K., & Jacobsen, M. (2013). Synchronous online collaborative professional development for elementary mathematics teachers. International Review of Research in Open & Distance Learning, 14(3), 319-343.
Gultom, S., Hutauruk, A. F., & Ginting, A. M. (2020). Teaching skills of teacher in increasing student learning interest. Budapest International Research and Critics Institute (BIRCI-Journal): Humanities and Social Sciences, 3(3), 1564-1569.
Macià, M., & García, I. (2018). Professional development of teachers acting as bridges in online social networks. Research in Learning Technology, 26.
Martinez, C. (2022). Developing 21st century teaching skills: A case study of teaching and learning through project-based curriculum. Cogent Education, 9(1), 2024936.
Qazi, W., Rawat, K. J., & Thomas, M. (2012). The role of practicum in enhancing student teachers’ teaching skills. American Journal of Scientific Research, 44(12), 44-57.
Rahmani, S. (2018). Academic Self-esteem and its Relation to Academic Achievement Motivation. Dirassat Insaniya wa Ijtimaiya / Un. Oran02, (8), 581 - 598.
Sugihartini, N., Sindu, G. P., Dewi, K. S., Zakariah, M., & Sudira, P. (2020, January). Improving teaching ability with eight teaching skills. In 3rd International Conference on Innovative Research Across Disciplines (ICIRAD 2019) (pp. 306-310). Atlantis Press.
Tang, X. (2024). How are social context factors related to epistemological beliefs, motivations, and achievement in science? A serial mediation model. Research in Science & Technological Education, 1-21.
Tao, V. Y., & Hong, Y. Y. (2014). When academic achievement is an obligation: Perspectives from social-oriented achievement motivation. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 45(1), 110-136.
Townsend, D., Filippini, A., Collins, P., & Biancarosa, G. (2012). Evidence for the importance of academic word knowledge for the academic achievement of diverse middle school students. The Elementary School Journal, 112(3), 497-518.
Van de Grift, W., Helms-Lorenz, M., & Maulana, R. (2014). Teaching skills of student teachers: Calibration of an evaluation instrument and its value in predicting student academic engagement. Studies in educational evaluation, 43, 150-159.