Designing an E-Book based on the Interaction between the Voiceover Level for Augmented Reality Technology and the Learners' Mental Capacity and its Impact on Developing Cyber-Security Concepts among the Prep Stage Pupils

Document Type : Original Article

Author

A Lecturer at the Dept. of Libraries, Information and Educational Technology, Faculty of Education for Boys, Tafahna Al-Ashraf, Al-Azhar University.

Abstract

     The present research aimed at developing the cyber-security concepts among preparatory stage pupils via designing an e-book based on the interaction between the voiceover level (brief/explanatory) of augmented reality technology and learners' mental capacity (high/low). Participants consisted of (60) first year female pupils of Al-Behairy preparatory institute, 30 pupils with (high mental capacity) and 30 pupils with (low mental capacity), each group was randomly divided into two experimental groups of (15) participants each. The researcher prepared an academic achievement test of cyber-security concepts and adopted the quasi- experimental design for measuring the effect of the independent variables on those concepts. Results revealed the effectiveness of the e-book, regardless the voiceover level of augmented reality technology and mental capacity in developing the cyber-security concepts. Also, results indicated that there was a positive effect of the voiceover level (brief/explanatory) of augmented reality technology in the post-administration of the cyber-security concepts' test. Moreover, the female pupils with brief level outperformed their peers who used the explanatory level, and there was an effect of the level of mental capacity (high/low). Furthermore, the female pupils with high mental capacity outperformed their peers with low mental capacity in the post-administration of the cyber-security concepts' test. Finally, there was no interaction between the voiceover level of augmented reality technology (brief/explanatory) and mental capacity (high/low) in the post-administration of cyber-security concepts' test.                                                               

Keywords


Abdel-Aal, Manal Abdel-Al Mobariz. (2017). Designing of a graphic e- book with cinema graph technology and its impact on developing kindergarten child’s physical and health education concepts and visual perception. The Journal of Arab Studies in Education and Psychology, (86), 183-249.
Abdel-Ghafour, Nedal. (2012). Pedagogical frameworks for e-learning design. The Journal of Al-Aqsa University: Series of Human Sciences, )16(, 63-83.
Abdel-Nabi, Ehab Nafad Shaaban. (2017). The effect of interaction between the sequence pattern for displaying the visual stimuli and timing of displaying within the E-book on achievement and visual representation among the instruction technology students. (Unpublished Master’s Thesis). Faculty of education, Al-Azhar University, Cairo.
Abdel-Samad, Asmaa Al-Sayid Mohammed. (2018). The effect of interaction between the voiceover level associating the scientific visual analogies and methods of introducing them via video hologram technique according to BYOD system on developing the reflective thinking skills and the technological acceptance level among the primary stage pupils. Educational Technology, 28 (1), 85-205.
Abdul-lah, Mimi Nashaat Abdel-Razek. (2021). Using Merrill and Tennyson model in teaching Arabic for developing deep understanding of rhetorical concepts and positive thinking skills among secondary stage students. Journal of Education and Psychology, Fayoum University, (15), 342- 395.
Abo Senna, Safaa Ahmed Lotfy. (2022). The effectiveness of using an interactive e-book in the cognitive achievement of the educational technology subject among the first-year students at the Faculty of Physical Education, Matrouh University. The Scientific Journal of Sports Science and Arts, (71), 140-170.
Abu Al-Dahab, Mahmoud Mohammed Ahmed, and Younis, Sayed Shaaban Abdel-Aleem. (2013). Effectiveness of different styles of interactive e-book design in developing the skills of designing and producing electronic courses among the computer teachers. Journal of Arab Studies in Education and Psychology, (41), 145-200.
Abu Bakr, Abdul-Latif Abdul-Qadir Ali. (2013). The effect of teaching literature in the secondary stage in the light of the mental capacity levels on the achievement and attitudes of students. Journal of Arab Studies in Education and Psychology, 40, 11- 46.
Abu Hashish, Mohammed Radwan Ibrahim. (2021). The effect of interaction between infographic cues density "dense/ few" and the mental capacity level "high/ low" on developing the scientific curiosity and instruction technology students' skills of using smart board. Faculty of Education Journal, Al-Azhar University, 32 (127), 40-160.
Alaam, Salah Al-Din Mahmoud. (1993). The Parametric and Non-Parametric Inferential Statistical Methods in Analyzing Psychological and Educational Research Data. Cairo, Dar Al-Fikr Al-Araby.
Al-Ajmi, Haifa Bint Nasser, and Al-Mutairi, Sultan Bin Huwaidi Bin Awaitiq. (2023). The effect of using augmented reality technology in developing physical concepts among the third year secondary stage students. The International Journal of Research in Educational Sciences, 6 (1), 371-421.
Al-Anazi, Ahmed Manawer Aliwi. (2019). Self-Regulation and its relation to the mental capacity among Kuwait university students (Unpublished Master’s Thesis). Mu'tah University, Mu'tah.
Al-Anazi, Ibrahim Bin Hilal Bin Aqeel. (2019). The role of Academic curricula in enhancing security awareness among secondary stage’s students from the viewpoint of teachers. Journal of Police Thought, (28) 109, 225-270.
Al-Ansari, Abdul-Qadir Rahim, and Ibrahim, Sarah Ibrahim Ahmed. (2017). The mental capacity among the prep stage pupils. Abhath Al- Basra for Human Sciences, 42 (1), 431-450.
Al-Banna, Essad Abdel-Azim Mohammed, and Al-Banna, Hamdy Abdel-Azim Mohammed. (1990). Mental capacity and its relationship to learning and thinking styles and academic achievement of students at the Faculty of Education. The Journal of the Faculty of Education, Mansoura University, (14), 134- 160.
Al-Dariush, Ahmed Bin Abdullah, and Abdul-Aleem, Raja Ali. (2019). The technological innovations and educational innovation. Journal of Educational Creations, (11), 142-150.
Al-Ghamdi, Hamdan Mohammed. (2019). Educational and technical design standards for the e-book: Acase study on the science textbook for the intermediate second grade, King Abdul-Aziz University, General Diploma Program in Education, King Abdul-Aziz University. Journal of Scientific Research in Education, (20), 479-499.
Al-Hourani, Sami Musa Mohammed. (2018). Effect of employing Merrill & Tennyson model in learning and memorizing mathematical concepts among seventh grade students in Gaza (Unpublished Master’s Thesis). Islamic University, Gaza.
Al-Jariwi, Siham Bint Salman Mohammed. (2021). Effectiveness of a training program based on augmented reality in teaching scientific concepts among the first year secondary stage students and their attitude towards it. The Educational Journal, l36 (141), 303- 347.
Al-Kurdi, Aziza Ahmed Mostafa, Ali, Naglaa Mohammed, Ghoneim, Hanan Abdo, and Al-Jarwani, Hala Ibrahim. (2021). The effectiveness of using an e-book on developing some life sciences' concepts for the kindergarten child in light of the kindergarten education quality standards document. Journal of Childhood and Education, 13 (46), 17-75.
Al-Madawi, Ali. (2023). Cybersecurity: Definition, Importance, Types, and the Strategies for preventing Cyber-Attacks. The Journal of International studies, )34), 115-124.
Al-Maliki, Muslim Ahmed Youssef, and Allam, Islam Jaber Ahmed. (2019). The effect of difference in some variables of e-book design on developing computer programming skill for first-grade secondary stage students. Faculty of Education Journal, l35 (4), 223-250.
Al-Maradani, Mohammed Mokhtar, and Mokhtar, Naglaa Qadri. (2011). The effect of the interaction between the style of providing feedback within virtual classrooms and the level of mental capacity in developing self-regulation skills and learning efficiency among the educational technology students. Faculty of Education Journal, Al-Azhar University, )146(, 775-876.
Al-Matrafi, Bayan Bakhit, and Al-Farani, Lina Bint Ahmed Bin Khalil. (2023). The effectiveness of a proposed electronic course for developing cognitive awareness of cybersecurity among the secondary stage students in Jeddah city. Journal of Educational and Psychological Sciences, 7 (13), 73-98.
Al-Mohsen, Randa Ali Abdullah. (2016). Differences in crystallized intelligence, working memory capacity and affective intelligence in light of the quality of education among the female intermediate (General-memorization) stage. (unpublished master’s thesis). Qassim University, Buraidah.
Al-Montashri, Fatima Youssif, and Hariry, Randa. (2020). The degree of awareness of middle stage female teachers of cyber security in public schools in Jeddah city from the teachers' views. Arab Journal of Specific Education, )14), 95-140.
Al-Otaibi, Nader Mohail Mosafer, and Al-Maliki, Ayed Mohammed Khatam. (2022). The effect of using augmented reality technology in developing mathematical concepts for primary stage pupils in the city of Makah Al-Mukarramah. The International Journal of Educational and Psychological Sciences, (71), 156-192.
Al-Otaibi, Saud Shabab Sidr. (2022). The extent of the availability of cybersecurity awareness among family members in the Saudi society "An exploratory study on a sample of households in Jeddah". International Journal of Research and Studies Publishing, (27), 575- 613.
Al-Saadani, Hala Soleiman Mohammed. (2019). The effect of two styles of voice narration (summarized and detailed) in digital storytelling for developing listening comprehension skills for the preparatory stage pupils with learning disabilities (Unpublished Master’s Thesis). Faculty of education, Helwan University.
Al-Saadat, Khalil Bin Ibrahim, and Al-Tamimi, Nada Bint Abdullah Bin Saud. (2022). Raising awareness of cyber-security among teachers in light of adult education principles. Journal of New Horizons in Adult Education, (32), 255-280.
Al-Saadi, Ahmed Eid Barak. (2017). The effectiveness of podcast in computer programs for developing academic achievement among secondary stage students. Egyptian journal for specialized studies, (15), 430- 455.
Al-Sahafi, Mosbah Ahmed Hamed, and Askoul, Sanaa Bint Saleh. (2019). The level of computer teachers’ awareness of cybersecurity at the secondary stage in Jeddah. Journal of Scientific Research in Education, (20), 493-534.
Al-Samhan, Mona Abdullah Saleh. (2020). Requirements for achieving cybersecurity for management information systems at King Saud University. Faculty of Education Journal, Mansoura University, )111), 2-29.
Al-Sarhan, Saif Fares. (2019). The role of schools' principals at Jordanian military cultural schools in limiting school bullying (Unpublished Master’s Thesis). Al-AlBayt University, Al-Mafraq.
Al-Sayed, Fouad Al-Bahi. (1979). Statistical Psychology and the Measurement of the Human Mind. Cairo, Dar Al-Fikr Al-Araby.
Al-Sayed, Mohammed Hamdi Ahmed. (2022). The impact of the diversity of two styles of parallel text presentation "synchronous - separate" for educational digital videos in the environment of augmented reality technology in developing scientific concepts and visual perception and reducing the cognitive load among the second year prep stage pupils. Faculty of Education Journal, Al Azhar University, (195), 1-83.
Al-Shahrani, Bayan Nasser Mohammed, and Felbman, Fadwa Yassin Nour Al-Din. (2020). The impact of a training program based on designing electronic games using game maker for enhancing cyber security concepts among prep stage female pupils. Journal of Scientific Research in Education, (21), 614-651.
Al-Sharman, Hala Saleh Mohammed. (2022). The impact of Merrill and Tennyson's model on the acquisition of mathematical concepts among female students with learning disabilities at the primary stage. Journal of Special Education and Rehabilitation, 14 (51), 128- 196.
Al-Shuaibi, Habiba Abdullah, and Kafafi, Wafa Mostafa Mohammed. (2016). Effectiveness of difference in e-book interface on achieving physics concepts in sound unit for second grade students at the secondary stage in Jeddah. Journal of Arab Studies in Education and Psychology, Special issue, 105-137.
Al-Timani, Madakhil Zaid Abd Al-Rahim. (2021). The reality of informational awareness of cyber-security among the individuals in Saudi society, as recognized by cyber-security experts. The Journal of social work, )67(, 263-278.
Ataqi, Mahmoud Mohammed Ali. (2017). The effect of the interaction between the mental capacity level and the pattern of interactive mind maps displaying in social learning networks on developing their using skills and self-organized learning among graduate students. Journal of Arab Studies in Education and Psychology, (91), 255-332.
Attia, Wael Shaaban Abdel-Sattar. (2022). The interaction between the interactive e-book designing pattern "image/ barcode" and the presentation of e-activities "constructive/ exploratory" with augmented reality technology in developing the skills of producing 3D educational films and the visual thinking among the students of the education technology Dept. Faculty of Education Journal, Al-Azhar University, (195), 457-536.
Azmy, Nabil Gad, Attia, Dalia Ahmed Shawqy Kamel, and Othman, Doaa Mohammed Musa. (2020). The impact of a two patterns of augmented reality books in developing the visual thinking skills among the prep stage pupils. The Journal of Educational and social studies, 26 (4), 447-476.
Baklawa, Dalia Mahmoud Mohammed, and Khair, Linda Nabil Sobhy. (2022). The intensity of visual infographic cues "single- double- triple" in the e-book and their impact on developing achievement and the sense of learning enjoyment among computer's students. Journal of Scientific Research in Education, (23), 326-424.
Basuny, Abeer Bedair Mohammed. (2023). The effect of the relationship between the teacher's vocal presence pattern (brief, detailed) and the timing of his introduction (gradual with fading, on demand) in synchronous virtual classes on the development of cognitive performance and academic ambition of students of educational technology. Scientific Journal of Educational Technology and Digital Learning, 4 (10), 304- 401.
Daraz, Abdel-Hamid Fathy Abdel-Hamid. (2024). The effectiveness of using augmented reality based on mobile learning in developing linear motion concepts and self-directed learning among the first year secondary stage students in physics. The Educational Journal, 1161-1210.
Farjoun, Khaled Mohammed Mohammed, Kamel, Hani Shafik Ramzi, Kamel, Lamia Mostafa, and Abdel-Fattah, Asmaa Abdel-Khalek. (2021). The effect of the voiceover level (brief/explanatory) presentation style in the augmented reality environment in developing the production of interactive video programs' skills among educational technology students. The Scientific Journal of Educational Studies and Research, (1), 21-74.
Girgis, Marian Milad Mansour. (2017). The effect of the content presentation style (macro/ partial) based on the augmented reality technology on developing self-regulation and learning efficiency among the first year prep stage pupils. Education Technology, Studies and Research, )30), 1-55.
Hamida, Amani Mustafa Al-Sayed. (2011). The effectiveness of using self-questioning strategies and analogy in history to develop thinking skills among middle school students (unpublished master’s thesis). Faculty of education, Ain-Shams University, Cairo.
Hammad, Ahmed Salem Owais. (2019). The effect of educational computer program presentation patterns on developing linguistic concepts among kindergarten children with learning difficulties and measuring teachers’ attitudes toward them. Education Technology- Studies and Research, (40), 273- 316.
Hassan, Jihad Taha Ayaat. (2022). The effect of using an interactive e-book in developing knowledge of inventions and some related scientific concepts and the scientific sense of a kindergarten child. Journal of Studies in Childhood and Education, (22) 192-285.
Hassan, Nabil Al-Sayed Mohammed. (2021). The interaction between the static info graphic displaying pattern "vertical/ horizontal" in cloud computing applications and the mental capacity "high/ low" and its impact on developing the scientific concepts and engaging in learning among the middle stage pupils. The Educational Journal, 88, 382-496.
Hindawi, Osama Saeed Ali. (2016). Effectiveness of some variables for designing and presenting e-books in achievement and developing motivation towards learning among the instruction technology students. Journal of Research in the Specific Education Fields, (4), 276-349.
Ibrahim, Walid Youssef Mohammed. (2011). The effect of the interaction between the style of displaying voiceover in visual summaries at the educational computer programs and the cognitive style for the primary stage pupils on developing the skills of designing and producing the educational websites. Faculty of Education Journal, Al-Azhar University, (146), 11-100.
Ibrahim, Yara Ibrahim Mohammed. (2022). The effectiveness of a program based on the augmented reality applications in developing the concepts of space and deductive thinking for kindergarten children and its impact on curiosity. Journal of Childhood and Education, 14 (49), 381-452.
Khalaf Allah, Mohammed Jaber, and Owais, Ahmed Farhat. (2017). The effect of interaction between media type in the mobile learning environment and the mental capacity level on the achievement and performance of using cloud computing applications' skills in education among students of the education technology department. Faculty of Education Journal, Al-Azhar University, (175), 364-477.
Khalaf, Mohammed Hosny. (2021). The effectiveness of using augmented reality in teaching science for developing logical thinking among the seventh graders. The Educational Journal, l35 (138), 51-90.
Khalil, Shimaa Samir Mohammad. (2018). The interaction between the augmented reality designing technology (image - sign) and mental capacity (high - low) and its relationship to the development of learning outcomes, the level of technological acceptance, and academic self-efficacy among the female secondary stage students. Education Technology- Studies and Research, (36), 291- 414.
Khamis, Mohammed Attia. (2015). E-Learning Resources: People and the Media. Cairo, Dar Al-Sahab for Printing and Publishing.
Mahmoud, Ibrahim Youssef Mohammed. (2016).  The effect of interaction between the volume of micro-learning content (small- medium- large) and level of mental capacity (low-high) on developing the immediate and deferred achievement of IT concepts among the information technology department (ITD) students. Journal of Arab Studies in Education and Psychology, (70), 17-77.
Makkawy, Amr Al-Sayed Fahmy. (2019). Designing an interactive brochure with augmented reality technology and its effect on learning some offensive skills and motor maturity in handball. The International Scientific Journal of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, 24 (9), 1-34.  
Marei, Hiam Abdel-Al Mohammed, and Khalil, Hanan Mohammed Al-Sayed. (2023). An educational program based on the augmented reality technology for developing the understanding of jurisprudence concepts and the motivation towards learning them among Al-Azhar first year preparatory stage. Faculty of education Journal, Al-Azhar University, (198), 477- 526.
Melhem, Sami Mohammed. (2005). Measurement and Evaluation in Education and Psychology. Amman, Jordan: Dar Al-Massera.
Metwally, Ahmed Hosni Saleh. (2015). Information crimes (2.0): A proposed vision from an educational perspective for the faculty members' role at the faculties of education for raising awareness of combating informational crimes. The First International Conference on Combating Informational Crimes. Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Riyadh: King Mohammed Bin Saud Islamic University. Faculty of Computer Science. 184-194.
Mohammed, Yasmine Ahmed Hassan. (2019). The effectiveness of an e-book for developing the concept of number among kindergarten children. The Journal of Childhood and Education, 33 (2), 1401-1472.
Murad, Noha Mahmoud Ahmed. (2022). the effect of the interaction between the audio narration storytelling style (brief / detailed), and the timing of its presentation (during / before) displaying the text in an augmented reality environment, and its impact on the development of auditory-visual perception skills and moral intelligence for kindergarten children. International Journal of E-Learning, 8, 99- 205.
Musamah, Imtthal Ahmed Youssef, and Asqoul, Mohammed Abdel-Fattah Abdel-Wahab. (2022). The effectiveness of employing interactive augmented reality technology in developing scientific concepts for fourth-grade female pupils at the science and life subject (Unpublished Master’s Thesis). Islamic University, Gaza.
Omar, Safa Ibrahim Mohammed, Attia, Dalia Ahmed Shawqi Kamel, and Abdel-Samad, Asmaa Al-Sayed. Mohammed. (2018). Constructing standards for designing and producing augmented reality educational books in light of learning theories. The Journal of Educational and Social Studies, 24 (1), 1971- 1952.
Othman Lamia Ahmed, and Ali, Naglaa Mohammed. (2023). An interactive book via using the augmented reality technology for constructing the preventive awareness among the kindergarten children to confront the new Corona virus “Covid-19”. The Journal of Childhood and Education, 14 (53), 115-181.
Owais, Ahmed Farhat. (2006). The effect of different presentation styles of a computer program on the skills of producing sound recordings using computer-based sound programs among students of education technology, faculty of education (unpublished master’s thesis). Faculty of education, Al-Azhar University, Cairo.
Ramoud, Rabei Abdel-Azim Ahmed. (2018). The relationship between augmented reality technology and learning style (analytical, holistic) and its impact on developing the concepts of computer components and fields of using it and the mental capacity of primary stage pupils and their attitudes towards it. Faculty of Education Journal. Al-Azhar University, (178), 12-99.
Rizk, Hanaa Rizk Mohammed. (2017). The augmented reality technology and its applications in teaching and learning. Studies in University Education, (36), 570-581.
Saad, Noha Youssif Al-Sayed, and Nwear, Maha Fathallah Bideir. (2020). An interactive home economics book with augmented reality technology for constructing the preventive awareness and empowering self-management to face the repercussions of the emerging corona virus "Covied-19". The Journal of Home Economics, l36 (1), 297-344.
Saba, Ghizlane, and Laghbisi, Mohammed. (2023). The importance of concepts in building knowledge: Teaching models. Moroccan Journal of Educational Evaluation and Research, (9), 40- 61.
Samara, Hatof Farah. (2018). The effect of using fun learning on developing the scientific concepts and the attitude towards science among the sixth grade primary stage with the different mental capacities. The Journal of Readings and Knowledge, (205), 191-233.
Saraya, Adel Al-Sayed Mohammed. (1995). Studying the interaction between the advance organizers and the mental capacity among the preparatory stage pupils in learning scientific concepts. (unpublished master’s thesis). Faculty of Education, Tanta University.
Saudi National Cybersecurity Authority. (2024). Available at: https://www.cst.gov.sa/ar/Digitalknowledge/Pages/cyber-security.aspx, Retrieved on: 1/14/2024.
Sayed, Abeer Abdel-Rahman Abdel-Hamid, Abdel-Halim, Eman Saad, Desouki, Inshrah Abdel-Aziz Ibrahim, and Hegazi, Sobhy Mohammed Abd-Allah. (2020). Standards for designing and producing the augmentative book for the deaf and dumb. Fayoum University. Journal of Educational and Psychological Sciences, )14) 1, 283-330.
Sayegh, Wafaa Bint Hassan Abdel-Wahab. (2018). Family members’ awareness of the concept of cybersecurity and its relationship to their security precautions against cybercrimes. Arab Journal of sociology, (14), 18-70.
Shaaban, Ahmed Shaaban Ahmed, Allam, Amr Jalal Al-Din Ahmed, and Mohammed, Khalaf Al-Deeb Othman. (2022). Suggested criteria for the quality of design and dissemination of interactive infographics accompanied by audio commentary across E-learning environments from the point of view of experts and specialists. Faculty of Education Journal, Al Azhar University, (195), 585- 628.
Shenouda, Reda Girgis Hakim. (2022). The effect of cues' pattern (audio/ visual/ audio-visual) in a multimedia e- book on developing the skills of producing educational graphics and reducing the cognitive load among the educational technology students. Journal of Egyptian Association for Education Computer, 10 (1), 541- 610.
Soleiman, Marwa Soleiman Ahmed. (2022). The interaction between the level of intensity of visual cues and the mental capacity level in the micro-learning environment and its impact on developing the skills of producing and processing digital educational video and engaging in learning for students of the public diploma in education. Education Technology, Studies and Research, (51), 173-265.
Solow, Robert. (2000). Cognitive Psychology. Translated by Mohammed Naguib Al-Sabwa, Mostafa Mohammed Kamel, and Mohammed Al-Hassanin. (2nd edition), Cairo, Anglo-Egyptian Library.
Suleiman, Iman Sharif Zaki. (2021). The vocal performance of Arab satellite channels which are directed towards children, the program (Nam Al-Qamar) as a model: an analytical descriptive study, Journal of Al-Qadisiya in Arts & Educational Science, 21(2), 377- 404.
Tams, Mira Yaqoob. (2023). Using augmented reality technology for acquiring the scientific concepts among the fourth-grade female students at the Jerusalem area. Journal of the Faculty of Education, Asyut University, 39 (12), 251- 267.
The 11th International Conference on E-Learning and Educational Technology. (2017). Towards a Smart Educational Society. Ain Shams University, Cairo, December 6-5.
The 4th International Conference on Educational Technologies. (2017). Supporting Education with Technologies: Beyond Modernity and Sustaining Innovation. Wahat Al-Maerifa, Muscat, Faculty of Middle East, Oman, December 16-18.
The International Conference of Communications, Computing, Cybersecurity and Informatics. (2020). The International Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, University of Sharjah, UAE, November 3-5.
Zangour, Maher Mohammed Saleh. (2018). Chunking mathematical knowledge in the light of the cognitive style (verbal / imaginative) for developing deep understanding in mathematics of secondary stage students of different mental capacities. The Journal of Mathematics Education, 21 (1), 81-196.
ثانيًا: المراجع الأجنبية:
Alloway, T., and Alloway, R. (2015). Understanding Working Memory. (2nd   edition). Los Angeles: Sage.
Alotaibi, F., Furnell, S., Stengel, I., and Papadaki, M. (2016). A survey of cyber-security awareness in Saudi Arabia, 11th International Conference for Internet Technology and Secured Transactions, Barcelona, Spain, 154-158.
Anderson, E., and Liarokapis, F. (2014). Using augmented reality as a medium to assist teaching in higher education. The Eurographics Association. Coventry University, United Kingdom.
Carrasco, J. (2014). Reading highly interactive electronic storybooks vs. minimally interactive electronic books: Relative influence on time on task, narrative retell, and parental perceptions (unpublished Master Thesis), Department of Rehabilitative Sciences, the university of Texas at ELP.
Cheek, J., Abrams, E., Lipschitz, D., Vago, D., and Nakamura, Y. (2017). Creating novel school- based education programs to cultivate mindfulness in youth: what the letters told us. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 26 (9), 2564-2578.
Dong, C., and Si, Z. (2018). The research and application of augmented reality. Applied Sciences in Graphic Communication and Packaging. Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 477, from: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7629-9_35. Retrieved on: 30/12/2023.
Ebied, M., and Shimaa, R. (2015). The effect of interactive e-book on students' achievement at Najran University in computer in education course. Journal of Education and Practice, 6 (19), 71-82.
Elmarie, K., Bada, M., Nurse, J. (2017). A study into the cyber-security awareness initiatives for school learners in south Africa and the United Kingdom. Information Security Education for a Global Digital Society. Advances in Information and Communication Technology, 503, from: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58553-6_10. Retrieved on: 30/12/2023.
Estapa, A., and Nadolny, L. (2015). The effect of an augmented reality enhanced mathematics lesson on student achievement and motivation. Journal of STEM Education, 3 (16), 40-48.
Frye, S. (2014). The implications of interactive e-books on comprehension. (Unpublished Doctoral Thesis), Graduate School of Education, Rutgers University, New Jersey. United States of America.
Gleason, B., and Von, S. (2018). Digital citizenship with social media: Participatory practices of teaching and learning in secondary education. Journal of Educational Technology and Society, 21(1), 200-212.
Goran, I. (2017). Cyber security risks in public high school (Unpublished Master Thesis), City University of New York: John Jay Faculty of Criminal Justice.
Hokanson, B., and fraher, R. (2008). Narrative Structure, monomythic and Cognition for instructional technology, the magazine for manager of change in education, 48 (1), 27-32.
Kalyuga, S. (2000). When using sound with a text or pictures is not beneficial for learning. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 16 (1), 161- 172.
Kersting, K. (2005). Increased cognitive control helps prevent false memories, Monitor on psychology. University of California, Santa Barbara; AAT.
Kim, M., and Choi, D. (2018). Development of youth digital citizenship scale and implication for educational setting. Journal of Educational Technology and Society, 21(1), 155-171.
Korpershoek, H., Harms, T., De Boer, H., Van Kuijk, M., and Doolaard, S. (2016). A meta-analysis of the effects of classroom management strategies and classroom management programs on students’ academic, behavioral, emotional, and motivational outcomes. Review of Educational Research, 86 (3), 643-680.
Lou, D. (2019). Two fast prototypes of web-based augmented reality enhancement for books. Library Hi Tech News.
Radu, I. (2012). Augmented reality in education: a meta-review and cross-media, from: https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2656592analysis, Retrieved on: 29/12/2023.
Rahman, A.; Sairi, H.; Zizi, M.; and Khalid, F. (2020). The importance of cybersecurity education in school. International Journal of Information and Education Technology, 10 (5), 378-382.
Rujas, N., and Others. (2021). Enhancing interactive teaching of engineering topics using digital materials. The 11th International Conference on European Transnational Educational, 295-306.
Scott, B. (2010). How college students can increase their mental capacity for school work? Available at: https://cpr.indiana.edu/uploads/ASHE13FosnachtDong Financialstress.pdf, Retrieved on: 16/12/2023.
yilmaz, M., Kucuk, S., and Goktas, Y. (2017). Are augmented reality picture books magic or real for preschool children aged five to six? British Journal of Educational Technology, 48 (3), 824-841.
Yuan, K., Steedle, J., Shavelson, R., Alonze, A., and Oppezzo, M. (2006). Working memory, Fluid Intelligence and Science Learning Educational Research Review, 1 (2), 83-98
Yuen, S., Yaoyune, G., and Johnson, E. (2011). Augmented reality: an overview and five directions for AR in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange, 4 (1), 119-140.