Critical thinking in the light of the Islamic educational vision: its controls and mechanisms for developing its skills

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 قسم التربية الإسلامية، كلية التربية، جامعة الأزهر بالقاهرة

2 3قسم علم النفس التعليمي، كلية التربية، جامعة الأزهر بالقاهرة

3 4قسم تكنولوجيا التعليم ، كلية التربية، جامعة الأزهر بالقاهرة

Abstract

The current study aimed to identify the concept of critical thinking in the light of the Islamic educational vision, as well as to identify its controls and standards, And distinguish it from other thinking patterns, such as innovative or creative thinking or metacognitive thinking, as critical thinking is one of the most important capabilities and capabilities that a Muslim must have, especially in light of the explosion of knowledge and technological innovations that facilitated access to information. The fundamentalist approach, and the descriptive approach, and I concluded that critical thinking as one of the most important levels of higher thinking and its skills are among the skills that the Muslim individual must be able to master so that he can distinguish between what is presented to him of information and knowledge and can judge their validity, and that technological innovations may be misused to dress Truth is the dress of falsehood and vice versa, and this available amount of knowledge and information, which is multiplying at an accelerating pace It does not mean the validity of all this information and available knowledge, but rather it must be criticized in order to distinguish its good from its bad, and that critical thinking skills are among the acquired skills that can be developed through specialized educational and educational programs.

Keywords


The study references in the English language
The Holy Quran
First: Hadith books:
Ahmed bin Hanbal (2001): Al-Musnad, vol. 17, the Musnad of the Companions, Musnad Abi Saeed Al-Khudri t, Al-Risala Foundation.
ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ (D.T): Al-Musnad, The Musnad of All Civilians, Chapter on the Hadith of Rabia bin Ka’b Al-Aslami, Cordoba Foundation.
Al-Sijistani, Suleiman bin Al-Ash’ath (1994): Sunan Abi Dawood, investigation: Sidqi Muhammad Sidqi, Dar Al-Fikr.
Al-Bukhari, Muhammad bin Ismail (1998): Sahih Al-Bukhari, take care of it: Abu Suhaib Al-Karmi, House of International Ideas for Publishing.
Muhammad bin Hibban (1988): Al-Ihsan fi Taqreeb Sahih Ibn Hibban, investigated by Shuaib Al-Arnaout, Vol. 2, Al-Risala Foundation.
ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ(1993): Sahih Ibn Hibban, investigation by Shuaib Al-Arnaout, Part 2, Edition 2, Al-Risala Foundation.
Al-Tirmidhi, Muhammad bin Issa Al-Tirmidhi (1998): The Great Mosque, Part 3, investigated by Bashar Awwad Maarouf, Dar Al-Gharb Al-Islami.
Muslim bin Al-Hajjaj (1998): Sahih Muslim, investigated by Abu Suhaib Al-Karmi, House of International Ideas.
Al-Bayhaqi, Ahmed bin Al-Hussein bin Ali (2003 AD): People of Faith, investigation: Muhammad Al-Saeed Bassiouni Zaghloul, Dar Al-Kutub Al-Alami, Beirut.
(Al-Nisa’i) Ahmed bin Shuaib (1986 AD): Al-Mujtaba from Al-Sunan, investigation: Abdel Fattah Abu Ghuddah, Islamic Publications Library.
(Al-Nisaburi) Muhammad bin Abdullah (1990 AD): Al-Mustadrak on the Two Sahihs, investigation: Mustafa Abdel-Qader Atta, Dar Al-Kutub Al-Alami.
(Al-Hamidi) Muhammad bin Fattouh (2002 AD): combining the two Sahihs of Bukhari and Muslim, investigation: Ali Hussein Al-Bawab, 2nd edition, Dar Ibn Hazm.
(Al-Azami) Muhammad Diaa Al-Rahman (2001 AD): Al-Manna Al-Kubra Explanation and Graduation of Al-Sunan Al-Sughra, Al-Rushd Library.
(Al-Zamakhshari) Mahmoud bin Omar (D.T): Al-Fa’iq in Gharib Al-Hadith, investigation: Ali Muhammad Al-Bajawi, Muhammad Abu Al-Fadl Ibrahim, 2nd Edition, Dar Al-Ma’rifah.
Second: Books of Interpretation:
(Al-Shanqeeti) Muhammad Al-Amin bin Muhammad Al-Mukhtar (1426 AH): Lights of the statement in clarifying the Qur’an in the Qur’an, investigated by Bakr bin Abdullah Abu Zaid, Dar Alam Al-Fouad for publication and distribution.
Ibn Ashour, Al-Taher (1997): Liberation and Enlightenment, Part 13, Dar Sahnoun for Publishing and Distribution.
Third: Language Dictionaries:
Ibn Manzoor, Abu al-Fadl Jamal al-Din (1988): Lisan al-Arab Dictionary, Dar al-Ma'arif.
Al-Zayyat, Ahmed Hassan and others (1972): Al-Mujam Al-Waseet, 2nd Edition, Islamic Library.
Al-Fayrouzabadi, Muhammad bin Yaqoub (1993 AD): Al-Qamous Al-Muheet, 3rd edition, Al-Risala Foundation.
Fourth: Arabic references:
Zahran, Hamid Abdel Salam (1977): Developmental Psychology, World of Books.
Abu Hatab, Fouad (1993): Psychology and Islam, Egyptian Journal of Psychological Studies, p. 4. Cairo.
Sheikh, Mahmoud Youssef (2013): Research Methods in Islamic Education, Dar Al-Fikr Al-Arabi.
Ibn Taymiyyah, Ahmad Ibn Abd al-Halim (1406 AH): Preventing the Conflict of Reason and Narration, investigation: Muhammad Rashad Salem, Part 4, Dar Al-Kunooze Al-Adabiya.
Al-Raysouni, Ahmed (2007 AD): Shura in the Battle of Al-Binaa, International Institute of Islamic Thought.
Mostafa, Ahmed Mahdi and Al-Sawy, Ismail (2003): Measuring Critical Thinking Skills for Children, Anglo Egyptian Bookshop.
Jaber, Jaber Abdel-Hamid (1997 AD): Readings in Teaching Thinking and Methodology, Dar Al-Nahda Al-Arabiya.
Saadeh, Jawdat Ahmed (2006 AD): Teaching Critical Thinking Skills with Hundreds of Applied Examples, Dar Al-Shorouk for Publishing and Distribution.
Al-Gharaibeh, Salem Ali (2007 AD): Thinking Skills and Teaching Methods, Dar Al-Zahraa for Publishing and Distribution.
Habib, Saad Abdel Salam (D.T): Shura in Islam, Supreme Council for Islamic Affairs.
Al-Akkad, Abbas Mahmoud (1971 AD): The Islamic Encyclopedia, Volume 5, Islamic Research, Dar Al-Kitab Al-Arabi.
Al-Hashemi, Abdul-Hamid (1981 AD): The Arab Messenger Educator, House of Culture for All.
Abu Ghuddah, Abdel Fattah (1996 AD): The Prophet, the Teacher (PBUH), and his methods of teaching, Islamic Publications Library.
Bakkar, Abdul Karim (2004 AD): Our Time and Living in Its Difficult Times, 2nd edition, Dar Al-Qalam.
Jarwan, Fathi (1999 AD): Teaching Thinking, Concepts and Applications, Dar Al-Kitab Al-Arabi.
Mustafa, Fahim (2002 AD): Thinking skills in the stages of general education, Dar Al-Fikr Al-Arabi.
Abu Hatab, Fouad (1983 AD): Mental Abilities, Anglo Egyptian Bookshop.
Al-Kilani, Majid Arsan (1988 AD): Objectives of Islamic Education, Part 2, Edition 2, Dar Al-Turath.
Al-Badri, Malik (1364 AH): Contemplation from witnessing to witnesses (an Islamic psychological study), Dar Al-Wafaa.
Ibrahim, Muhammad Anwar (2006 AD): Critical Thinking and Contemporary Society Issues, Anglo Egyptian Bookshop.
Qutb, Muhammad (1980 AD): The Islamic Education Curriculum, 2nd edition, Dar Al-Shorouk.
Sorour, Nadia Hale (1998 AD): Education of the Distinguished and Talented, Dar Al-Fikr.
Al-Suri, Youssef Khater Hassan (D.T): Methods of the Messenger, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, in advocacy and education, Solidarity Fund for the Care of the Families of Martyrs and Prisoners, Kuwait.
Fifth: Theses and Academic Research:
Ali, Ehab El-Sayed Ahmed Mohamed (2005): E-learning and the possibility of its application in Egyptian universities, an unpublished doctoral thesis, Faculty of Education, Al-Azhar University.
Al-Rashdi, Omar bin Hassan Ibrahim (2006 AD): Critical thinking from the perspective of Islamic education with a training bag to develop skills for secondary school teachers, unpublished doctoral thesis, College of Education, Umm Al-Qura University.
Muhammad, Lubna Hussein (2009 AD): Critical Thinking in Islamic Education: An Analytical and Original Study, an unpublished PhD thesis, College of Sharia and Islamic Studies, Yarmouk University.
​​Muhammad, Salah Muhammad Mahmoud (2016): The effectiveness of a training program based on the use of the story in developing critical thinking skills among first-grade middle school students. Journal of the Faculty of Education in Benha.
Al-Sharqi, Mohammed Rashid (2005 AD): Critical thinking among first-grade secondary students in Riyadh and its relationship to some variables, Journal of Psychological and Educational Sciences.
 
 
 
Al-Ghannam, Muhammad Abd al-Qawi Shebl, Abd al-Nabi, Kamal Ajami Hamed (2013 AD): Educational applications of the Qur’anic education curriculum in developing metacognitive thinking, “Surat Yusuf as a model,” an analytical study from the perspective of Islamic education, Journal of the Faculty of Education, Al-Azhar University.
Ali, Muhammad Qassem (2014 AD): Obstacles to e-learning in university education, Journal of the College of Education, Ain Shams University.
المراجع الأجنبية:
Costa, A.L(1983): Teaching Toward Intelligent Behavior, IN w .Maxwell (ED), The Expanding Frontiers; Philadelphia: Franklin.
Johnson, D. M(1955): The Psychology of Thought and Judgment. N.Y, Harper Barthers.
Mayer, R., & Goodchild, F(1990):  The critical thinker: Thinking and learning strategies for psychology students. Santa Barbara, CA: Wm. C. Brown Publishers.
Paul , R . & Elder , L(2007): The Miniature Guide to Critical Thinking, The Foundation for Critical Thinking, USA.