A.R.E., Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics (2021): Annual Bulletin: Registered Students - Faculty Members of Higher Education (2020/2021), Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics, Cairo.
A.R.E., Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics (2021): Annual Bulletin: Delegates abroad for scientific missions in 2020 (Ministry of Higher Education), Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics, Cairo.
Abdel Motajali, Mohammad Ali Mohammad (2021): A proposed strategy for the research partnership at Al-Azhar University in light of the experiences of some foreign universities, Ph.D., Faculty of Education, Al-Azhar University.
Abdel-Hay, Asmaa Abdel-Hadi Ibrahim (2014): Factors of Low Positions of Arab Universities in International Rankings of Universities and Ways to Upgrade Them, The Eighteenth Annual National Conference: Developing the Performance System in Arab Universities in Light of Contemporary Global Changes, University Education Development Center, University of Ain Shams.
Abdul Qadir, Maha Muhammad Ahmed (2016): The Internationalization of Al-Azhar University Education in the Light of the Knowledge-Based Economy from the Point of View of Faculty Members, King Khalid University Journal of Educational Sciences, College of Education, King Khalid University, Vol(3), No (1).
Ahmed, Siham Yassin and Tohamy, Juma Saeed (2012): An evaluation study of the reality of the ranking of Egyptian universities in the light of international rankings standards for universities, The Future of Arab Education Journal, Vol. (19), No. (81).
Al-Azhar University, Information and Documentation Center, Information and Statistics Department (2021): Total Annual Statistical Bulletin 2020/2021, Information and Statistics Department, Information and Documentation Center.
Al-Kasbani, Muhammad Al-Sayed Ali (2012): Educational Research between Theory and Practice, Dar Al-Fikr Al-Arabi, Cairo.
Al-Najjar, Radi Muhammad Ibrahim (2017): Attitudes of faculty members at Al-Azhar University towards the application of credit hours, M.A., Faculty of Education, Al-Azhar University.
ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ (2021): A suggested vision for Al-Azhar University’s orientation towards research universities in the light of recent trends, Ph.D., Faculty of Education, Al-Azhar University.
ثانيًا: المراجع الأجنبية.
Abreu Pederzini, G. D. (2018). Neoliberal Awakenings: A Case Study of University Leaders’ Competitive Advantage Sensemaking, Higher Education Policy, Vol.(31), No.(3).
Alsharif, F. (2020). Kuwait university ranking in the light of the international universities ranking standards: an analytical evaluation study. Journal of Educational Studies, 32(3), 627-648.
Asher, A., & Savino, M. (2007). A Global Survey of Rankings and League Tables, College and University Ranking Systems Global Perspectives and American Challenges, Institute for Higher Education Policy (editor).
Billaut, J. C., Bouyssou, D., & Vincke, P. (2010). Should you believe in the Shanghai ranking? An MCDM view. Scientometrics, 84(1).
Buela-Casal, G., Gutiérrez-Martínez, O., Bermúdez-Sánchez, M. P., & Vadillo-Muñoz, O. (2007). Comparative study of international academic rankings of universities. Scientometrics, 71, 349-365.
Carroll, D. (2014). An investigation of the relationship between university rankings and graduate starting wages. Journal of Institutional Research, 19(1), 46-54.
Çokgezen, M. (2014). Determinants of university choice: A study on economics departments in Turkey. Yüksekögretim Dergisi, 4(1).
Dembereldorj, Z. (2018). Review on the Impact of World Higher Education Rankings Institutional Competitive Competence and Institutional Competence, International Journal of Higher Education Vol.(7), No.(3).
El Nopy, Mohamed Aly (2018) QS World University Rankings, المجلة الدولية للعلوم التربوية والنفسية، المؤسسة العربية للبحث العلمي والتنمية البشرية، ع.(15).
Espinosa, L. L., Crandall, J. R., & Tukibayeva, M. (2014). Rankings, institutional behavior, and college and university choice: Framing the national dialogue on Obama’s ratings plan. Washington, DC: American Council on Education.
Hazelkorn, E. (2007). The impact of league tables and ranking systems on higher education decision making. Higher education management and policy, 19(2).
ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ. (2008). Learning to live with league tables and ranking: The experience of institutional leaders. Higher Education Policy, 21.
ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ. (2013). World-class universities or world-class systems? Rankings and higher education policy choices. Rankings and accountability in higher education: Uses and misuses, 71-94.
ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ. (2014). The Effects of Rankings on Student Choices and Institutional Selection. In B. Jongbloed & H. Vossensteyn (eds) Access and Expansion Post-Massification: Opportunities and Barriers to Further Growth in Higher Education Participation. London, Routledge.
ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ. (2014). Reflections on a Decade of G lobal Rankings: what we've learned and outstanding issues. European journal of education, 49(1).
Helms, M. M., & Nixon, J. (2010). Exploring SWOT analysis–where are we now? A review of academic research from the last decade. Journal of strategy and management, 3(3).
Hou, Y. W., & Jacob, W. J. (2017). What contributes more to the ranking of higher education institutions? A comparison of three world university rankings. International Education Journal: Comparative Perspectives, 16(4), 29-46.
Jarocka, M. (2012). University ranking systems–from league table to homogeneous groups of universities. International Journal of Educational and Pedagogical Sciences, Vol.(6), No.(6).
Kehm, B. M. (2014). Global university rankings—Impacts and unintended side effects. European Journal of Education, 49(1).
Liu, N. C., & Cheng, Y. (2007). Academic ranking of World universities: Methodologies and problems. The World‐Class University and ranking: Aiming Beyond Status, UNESCO-CEPES, Presa Universitara Clujeana.
Milla, J. (2012). University quality and labor market outcomes of Canadian youth. Department of Economics and Finance, College of Management and Economics, University of Guelph.
Muñoz-Suárez, M., Guadalajara, N., & Osca, J. M. (2020). A comparative analysis between global university rankings and environmental sustainability of universities. Sustainability, 12(14), 5759.
O’Connell, C., & Saunders, M. (2013). Mediating the use of global university rankings: Perspectives from education facilitators in an international context. Journal of Studies in International Education, 17(4), 354-376.
Pavel, A. P. (2015). Global university rankings-a comparative analysis. Procedia economics and finance, 26.
Rauhvargers, A. (2011). Global university rankings and their impact (p. 85). Brussels: European University Association.
Salmi, J., & Saroyan, A. (2007). League tables as policy instruments: Uses and misuses. Higher education management and policy, 19(2),
Shehatta, I., & Mahmood, K. (2016). Correlation among top 100 universities in the major six global rankings: policy implications. Scientometrics, 109, 1231-1254.
Sidorenko, T., & Gorbatova, T. (2015). Efficiency of Russian education through the scale of World University Rankings. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 166.
Soh, K. C., & Ho, K. K. (2014). A tale of two cities’ university rankings: Comparing Hong Kong and Singapore. Higher Education, 68, 773-787.
Thakur, M. (2007). The impact of ranking systems on higher education and its stakeholders. Journal of Institutional Research, 13(1), 83-96.
Usher, A., & Savino, M. (2006). A World of Difference: A Global Survey of University League Tables. Canadian Education Report Series. Online Submission.
Valmorbida, S. M. I., Ensslin, S. R., & Ensslin, L. (2016). World University Rankings: What They Say International Studies?. REICE, 14(2).
Van Dyke, N. (2005). Twenty years of university report cards. Higher Education in Europe, 30(2), 103-125.
المواقع الإلكترونية