Aboulela, Muhammad Ali (2013) Contemporary Communication Theories in the Light of Communication and Knowledge Technology, Dar Al-Ilm wal-Iman, Kafr El-Sheikh.
Inter-Agency Standing Committee (2015) Guidance Report on Integrating Gender-Based Violence Interventions into Humanitarian Action: Risk Reduction, Enhancing Resilience and Supporting Recovery, USA.
Champong, Joyce et al. (2020) Research Study on Women in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, British Council.
Ahmed, Issam Fathi Zayed (2020): Social Violence in Family Life, Dar Al-Yazourdi Scientific Publishing, Jordan.
Ismail, Enas Hassan Ali (2018) The Impact of Habitus Formed Through the Virtual Society on the Emergence of Symbolic Violence among Youth: A Field Study on a Sample of Egyptian Youth, Annals of Ain Shams Literature, Volume 46, Faculty of Arts, Ain Shams University.
United Nations, Human Rights Council (2018) Promotion and protection of all human rights, civil, political, economic, social and cultural, including the right to development, Report of the Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences, on violence against women and girls on the Internet from a human rights perspective, 28th session.
United Nations, ESCWA (2019) Technology for Development in the Arab Region 2019, Global Perspectives and Regional Trends, Beirut.
Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics (2022) Statistical Yearbook, General Indicators, Chapter Twenty-One, Arab Republic of Egypt.
Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics (2021) Statistical Yearbook, Chapter Eleven, Education Section, Arab Republic of Egypt.
Al-Hourani, Mohammed Abdul Karim (2008) Contemporary Theory in Sociology: Differential Equilibrium: A Synthesis between Functionalism and Conflict, Dar Majdalawi, Jordan.
Al-Khatib, Jihad Omar (2019) Gender-based Violence in Egypt: Cost and Anti-Counter Mechanisms, Journal of Democracy, Vol. 19, No. 73, Al-Ahram Foundation for Political and Strategic Studies, Cairo.
El-Khouly, Mahmoud Said (2008) School Violence, Causes and Means of Confrontation, Violence Cases Series (2), Anglo-Egyptian Library, Cairo.
Al-Zebari, Taher Hasso (2016) Contemporary Sociological Theory, Al-Biruni Publishing House, Jordan.
Al-Sayed, Samah Al-Sayed Mohammed (2020, January) Approaches to confronting the phenomenon of cyberbullying among university students from the point of view of some education experts, Journal of the Faculty of Education, Volume 31, Issue 121, College of Education, Banha.
Al-Sa'oub, Shifa Salah (2021) Value Conflict Leading to Gender-Based Crimes Against Women, Gulf Publishing House, Jordan.
Al-Ali, Bilal Moussa (2022) The Digital Field Game: Power Struggles, Hegemony and Differentiation in Communication, Austin Macauley Publishing, United Arab Emirates.
Al-Awawdeh, Amal Salem (2008) Violence against Women Working in the Health Sector: A Field Study on Women Workers in Amman City Hospitals, Dar Al-Yazourdi for Publishing and Distribution, Jordan.
Al-Lamsi, Adel Helmy (2020, November) The Role of Digital Citizenship in Reducing the Problems of Cyberbullying among High School Students, Educational Journal, Part 91, Faculty of Education, Sohag.
National Council for Childhood and Motherhood (NCCM) Policies for Change: Empowering Girls, Third Issue, Child Rights Observatory in cooperation with UNICEF.
National Council for Women (2021, October) Egypt's Efforts to Empower Women, Cairo.
Banat, Suhaila Mahmoud (2008) Violence against Women: Causes, Effects, and How to Treat It, Al-Moataz Publishing House, Jordan.
Bordeau, Pierre (1994) Symbolic Violence: A Research on the Origins of Educational Sociology, translated by Nazir Jahel, Arab Cultural Center, Morocco.
United Nations Development Programme (2019) Human Development Report, Beyond Income, Middle, and Present: Inequities in the Twenty-first Century, New York.
Jamal El-Din, Sherine (D-T) The Impact of the Fourth Industrial Revolution on Women in the ICT Sector: An In-Depth Analysis on the Future of Work, National Council for Women in collaboration with the World Bank Group, Issue 13, Women's Strategy 2030.
Gay, L. R. (1993) Educational Research Skills, translated by Gaber Abdel Hamid, Dar Al-Nahda Al-Arabiya, Cairo.
Jaber, Abdel Hamid Gaber, Kazem, Ahmed Khairy (1986) Research Methods in Education and Psychology, 2nd Edition, Dar Al-Nahda Al-Arabiya, Cairo.
German, Lind Sai (D-T) Patriarchal Theories, Center for Socialist Studies, Cairo.
Hammoudi, Shaima Fadel and Al-Khazali, Ali Al-Moos (2019) Manifestations of Violence against Women in Israeli and Arab Literature: A Comparative Analytical Study, Dar Amjad for Publishing and Distribution, Amman.
Khalaf, Hassan Hossein Zeidan (2019, September) Electronic violence against children and its psychological and social effects on their personality: a descriptive study, Scientific Journal of Educational Sciences and Mental Health, Scientific Foundation for Educational Sciences, Technology and Special Education.
Reed, T. In (2018) Digital Life, Culture, Power and Social Change in the Internet Age, translated by Nashwa Maher Karamallah, Obeikan, Saudi Arabia.
Zayed, Intisar Al-Sayed (2020, October) Cyberbullying through digital media and its relationship to patterns of violence among adolescents (a field study), Journal of Media Research, Issue 55, Part V, Faculty of Mass Communication, Al-Azhar University.
Abdulkhaleq, Ghassan et al. (2016) Women: Manifestations and Future Prospects, 19th Philadelphia International Conference, Faculty of Arts and Arts, Philadelphia University, held from (28-30 October 2014), Dar Al-Aan Publishers and Distributors, Jordan.
Ali, Tahar Lakous (2016) The symbolic power of Bourdieu Pierre, Academy Journal of Social and Human Studies, Issue Sixteen, Algeria.
Ezz Al-Arab, Iman Mohamed (2016) Gender Violence within the Egyptian Family: A Content Analysis of Its Patterns and Factors in Al-Ahram and Al-Wafd Newspapers, Arab Journal of Sociology, Issue 18, Center for Research and Social Studies, Faculty of Arts, Cairo University.
Abdel Azim, Hosni Ibrahim (2011) The Body, Class and Cultural Capital: A Reading in the Sociology of Pierre Bourdieu, Arab Journal of Sociology, Issue Fifteen, Arab Society for Sociology.
Ali, Hamdi Ahmed Omar (2022) Reproducing symbolic violence through the mechanisms of social networks: a sociological study on a sample of virtual groups on Facebook, Journal of the Faculty of Arts in Qena, Issue 54, Part Two, South Valley University.
Milhem, Ibrahim Ahmad (2021) Literature and Digital Audiences, Dar Al-Aan Publishers and Distributors, Jordan.
Mansouri, Nadim (2016) Scenes of Violence through Modern Media: Risks and Fears, Tabeen Journal for Intellectual and Cultural Studies, Volume IV, Issue Fifteen, Arab Center for Research and Policy Studies.
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (2019) Global Guidelines on Gender-Based Violence in the School Environment, Paris.
Arab Women Organization (DW) Women and the Achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals in the Arab Region: An Advisory Study, Executive Summary.
UN Women Violence Against Women in the Digital Space: Insights from a Multi-Country Study in the Arab States, (Summary).
Wasar, Nawal (2021) Digital Violence Against Women. The Extension of the Phenomenon and the Expansion of Forms, Al-Riwaq Journal for Social and Human Studies, Volume VII, Issue One, Algeria.
Watfa, Ali Asaad (2009) From Symbolism and Violence to Symbolic Violence: A Reading of the Pedagogical Function of Symbolic Violence in School Education, Journal of Social Affairs, Sociological Association with the American University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
ثالثاً: المراجع الأجنبية
Alsbahy, M., & ALeemuddin, S. (2020), symbolic violence Mechanisms from Bourdieu's perspective, pune Research world, An international Journal of interdisciplinary studies, 5(1).
Amnesty International. (2018). Toxic Twitter: violence and abuse against women online, Amnesty International, London.
Antoniadou, N., Kokkinos, C. M., & Fanti, K. A. (2019). Traditional and cyber bullying/victimization among adolescents: Examining their psychosocial profile through latent profile analysis. International journal of bullying prevention, 1(2), 85-98.
Arseven, T. (2017). Analysis of Fakir Baykurt's novel. "TiR pan" [scyTHE] in terms of symbolic Violence, Folklore, Cyprus international university. Folklore/Edebiyat, 93(1).
Association for progressive Communications(APC) (2017,November) online Gender based violence: A submission from the association for progressive Communications to the United Nations special Rapporteur on violence against women, its Causes and Consequences,P.5.
Baldasare, A., Bauman, S., Goldman, L., & Robie, A. (2012). Cyberbullying? Voices of college students. Misbehavior online in higher education. Cutting-edge technologies in higher Education, Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
Barter, C., & Koulu, S. (2021). Digital technologies and gender-based violence–mechanisms for oppression, activism and recovery. Journal of gender-based violence, 5(3), 367-375.
Bauman, S., Toomey, R. B., & Walker, J. L. (2013). Associations among bullying, cyberbullying, and suicide in high school students. Journal of adolescence, 36(2), 341-350.
Bennett, D. C., Guran, E. L., Ramos, M. C., & Margolin, G. (2011). College students’ electronic victimization in friendships and dating relationships: Anticipated distress and associations with risky behaviors. Violence and victims, 26(4), 410-429.
Bourdieu, p. (1992). Réponses, Pour une anthropologie réflexive, Seuil, Paris.
Brack, K., & Caltabiano, N. (2014). Cyberbullying and self-esteem in Australian adults. Cyberpsychology: Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace, 8(2).
Brown, C., & Hegarty, K. (2021). Development and validation of the TAR Scale: A measure of technology-facilitated abuse in relationships. Computers in human behavior reports, 3, Elsevier.
Burke, S. C., Wallen, M., Vail-Smith, K., & Knox, D. (2011). Using technology to control intimate partners: An exploratory study of college undergraduates. Computers in human behavior, 27(3), 1162-1167.
Cesur, B., Nur, N., & PI, Ş. E. (2016). The Relation of cyber-Bullying and cyber victimization on Loneliness among university students University Students”. International Journal of Current Research, 8(3), 27725-27730.
Chakraborty, A. (2021). symbolic violence and Dalit Feminism: Possibilities emerging From a Dalit. Feminist stand paint reading of Bourdieu, International Feminist Journal of Politics, Routledge-Taylor & Francis Group.
Cripps, J., & Stermac, L. (2018). Cyber-sexual violence and negative emotional states among women in a Canadian university. International journal of cyber criminology, 12(1), 171-186.
Dragiewicz, M., Harris, B., Woodlock, D., & Salter, M. (2021). Digital media and domestic violence in Australia: essential contexts. Journal of gender-based violence, 5(3), 377-393.
Duran,M., &Pecino, R. M. (2015). Cyberbullying trough mobile phone and the internet in dating relationships among youth people. Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal, 23(1), 159-167.
Garcia, c., et al (2021). Cyber bulling in a Spanish university sample, REOP, Vol. 32, N.2.
Georgetown Institute for Women, Peace Security and Peace Reseach Institute Oslo(2021).women, peace and security index 2021-2022 Summary, Tracking Sustainable peace through inclusion,Justice andSecurity for Women, Washington, p.16
Harris, B., & Vitis, L. (2020). Digital intrusions: technology, spatiality and violence against women. Journal of Gender-Based Violence, 4(3), 325-341.
Hinduja, S., Patchin,w. (2008). Cyberbullying: An Exploratory Analysis of Factors Related to Offending and Victimization, Devaint Behavior, 29:2, 129-156
Hinson, L., Mueller, J., O'Brien-Milne, L., & Wandera, N. (2018). Technology-facilitated gender-based violence: What is it, and how do we measure it?, international Center for Research on women [ICRW], Washington.
Jenaro, C., Flores, N., & Frías, C. P. (2021). Anxiety and depression in cyberbullied college students: A retrospective study. Journal of interpersonal violence, 36(1-2), 579-602.
Litwiller, B. J., & Brausch, A. M. (2013). Cyber bullying and physical bullying in adolescent suicide: the role of violent behavior and substance use. Journal of youth and adolescence, Springer, 42(5), 675-684.
MacDonald, C. D., & Roberts-Pittman, B. (2010). Cyberbullying among college students: Prevalence and demographic differences. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 9, 2003-2009.
Macharia, M., & Dunaway, M. (2019). Digital Citizens And Cyber bulling: Does Gender Matter? Proceedings of the 2019 AIS Siged International Conference on information system Education and Research, Als Electronic Library (AIsel).
Melander, L. A. (2010). College students' perceptions of intimate partner cyber harassment. Cyberpsychology, behavior, and social networking, 13(3), 263-268.
Pecino, R., & Durán, M. (2019). I love you but I cyberbully you: The role of hostile sexism. Journal of interpersonal violence, 34(4), 812-825.
Smith, P. K., Mahdavi, J., Carvalho, M., Fisher, S., Russell, S., & Tippett, N. (2008). Cyberbullying: Its nature and impact in secondary school pupils. Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, 49(4), 376-385.
Soto, A. M., & Ibabe, I. (2022). Recommended instruments for analyzing cyber dating violence: A systematic review. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 25.
Srivastava, A., Rusow, J., Schrager, S. M., Stephenson, R., & Goldbach, J. T. (2022). Digital sexual violence and suicide risk in a national sample of sexual minority adolescents. Journal of interpersonal violence, Sage.
Sunitha, P. (2016). Domestic violence and theories. International Journal of Research in Economics and Social Sciences (IJRESS), 6(12), 206-214.
Suyoga, I. & Dwijendra, A. (2020). Analysis of symbolic violence practices in Balinese vernacular architecture: A case study in Bali, Indonesia. , International Journal of Innovation, creativity and change, 13(5), 184-194.
Weininger, E. B. (2002). Pierre Bourdieu on social class and symbolic violence. Alternative foundations of class analysis, 4, 83, p.115-171.
Woodlock, D. (2017). The abuse of technology in domestic violence and stalking. Violence against women, 23(5), 584-602.
Zagloul, N.M., Farghaly, R.M., ELKhatib, H., Issa, S.Y., El-Zoghby, S.M. (2022).Technology facilitated sexual violence: a comparative study between working and non-working females in Egypt before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, Egypt J Forensic Sci. 2022;12(1):21. doi: 10.1186/s41935-022-00278-2. Epub 2022 Apr 11. PMID: 35433051; PMCID: PMC8996216.
Aboulela, Muhammad Ali (2013) Contemporary Communication Theories in the Light of Communication and Knowledge Technology, Dar Al-Ilm wal-Iman, Kafr El-Sheikh.
Inter-Agency Standing Committee (2015) Guidance Report on Integrating Gender-Based Violence Interventions into Humanitarian Action: Risk Reduction, Enhancing Resilience and Supporting Recovery, USA.
Champong, Joyce et al. (2020) Research Study on Women in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, British Council.
Ahmed, Issam Fathi Zayed (2020): Social Violence in Family Life, Dar Al-Yazourdi Scientific Publishing, Jordan.
Ismail, Enas Hassan Ali (2018) The Impact of Habitus Formed Through the Virtual Society on the Emergence of Symbolic Violence among Youth: A Field Study on a Sample of Egyptian Youth, Annals of Ain Shams Literature, Volume 46, Faculty of Arts, Ain Shams University.
United Nations, Human Rights Council (2018) Promotion and protection of all human rights, civil, political, economic, social and cultural, including the right to development, Report of the Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences, on violence against women and girls on the Internet from a human rights perspective, 28th session.
United Nations, ESCWA (2019) Technology for Development in the Arab Region 2019, Global Perspectives and Regional Trends, Beirut.
Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics (2022) Statistical Yearbook, General Indicators, Chapter Twenty-One, Arab Republic of Egypt.
Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics (2021) Statistical Yearbook, Chapter Eleven, Education Section, Arab Republic of Egypt.
Al-Hourani, Mohammed Abdul Karim (2008) Contemporary Theory in Sociology: Differential Equilibrium: A Synthesis between Functionalism and Conflict, Dar Majdalawi, Jordan.
Al-Khatib, Jihad Omar (2019) Gender-based Violence in Egypt: Cost and Anti-Counter Mechanisms, Journal of Democracy, Vol. 19, No. 73, Al-Ahram Foundation for Political and Strategic Studies, Cairo.
El-Khouly, Mahmoud Said (2008) School Violence, Causes and Means of Confrontation, Violence Cases Series (2), Anglo-Egyptian Library, Cairo.
Al-Zebari, Taher Hasso (2016) Contemporary Sociological Theory, Al-Biruni Publishing House, Jordan.
Al-Sayed, Samah Al-Sayed Mohammed (2020, January) Approaches to confronting the phenomenon of cyberbullying among university students from the point of view of some education experts, Journal of the Faculty of Education, Volume 31, Issue 121, College of Education, Banha.
Al-Sa'oub, Shifa Salah (2021) Value Conflict Leading to Gender-Based Crimes Against Women, Gulf Publishing House, Jordan.
Al-Ali, Bilal Moussa (2022) The Digital Field Game: Power Struggles, Hegemony and Differentiation in Communication, Austin Macauley Publishing, United Arab Emirates.
Al-Awawdeh, Amal Salem (2008) Violence against Women Working in the Health Sector: A Field Study on Women Workers in Amman City Hospitals, Dar Al-Yazourdi for Publishing and Distribution, Jordan.
Al-Lamsi, Adel Helmy (2020, November) The Role of Digital Citizenship in Reducing the Problems of Cyberbullying among High School Students, Educational Journal, Part 91, Faculty of Education, Sohag.
National Council for Childhood and Motherhood (NCCM) Policies for Change: Empowering Girls, Third Issue, Child Rights Observatory in cooperation with UNICEF.
National Council for Women (2021, October) Egypt's Efforts to Empower Women, Cairo.
Banat, Suhaila Mahmoud (2008) Violence against Women: Causes, Effects, and How to Treat It, Al-Moataz Publishing House, Jordan.
Bordeau, Pierre (1994) Symbolic Violence: A Research on the Origins of Educational Sociology, translated by Nazir Jahel, Arab Cultural Center, Morocco.
United Nations Development Programme (2019) Human Development Report, Beyond Income, Middle, and Present: Inequities in the Twenty-first Century, New York.
Jamal El-Din, Sherine (D-T) The Impact of the Fourth Industrial Revolution on Women in the ICT Sector: An In-Depth Analysis on the Future of Work, National Council for Women in collaboration with the World Bank Group, Issue 13, Women's Strategy 2030.
Gay, L. R. (1993) Educational Research Skills, translated by Gaber Abdel Hamid, Dar Al-Nahda Al-Arabiya, Cairo.
Jaber, Abdel Hamid Gaber, Kazem, Ahmed Khairy (1986) Research Methods in Education and Psychology, 2nd Edition, Dar Al-Nahda Al-Arabiya, Cairo.
German, Lind Sai (D-T) Patriarchal Theories, Center for Socialist Studies, Cairo.
Hammoudi, Shaima Fadel and Al-Khazali, Ali Al-Moos (2019) Manifestations of Violence against Women in Israeli and Arab Literature: A Comparative Analytical Study, Dar Amjad for Publishing and Distribution, Amman.
Khalaf, Hassan Hossein Zeidan (2019, September) Electronic violence against children and its psychological and social effects on their personality: a descriptive study, Scientific Journal of Educational Sciences and Mental Health, Scientific Foundation for Educational Sciences, Technology and Special Education.
Reed, T. In (2018) Digital Life, Culture, Power and Social Change in the Internet Age, translated by Nashwa Maher Karamallah, Obeikan, Saudi Arabia.
Zayed, Intisar Al-Sayed (2020, October) Cyberbullying through digital media and its relationship to patterns of violence among adolescents (a field study), Journal of Media Research, Issue 55, Part V, Faculty of Mass Communication, Al-Azhar University.
Abdulkhaleq, Ghassan et al. (2016) Women: Manifestations and Future Prospects, 19th Philadelphia International Conference, Faculty of Arts and Arts, Philadelphia University, held from (28-30 October 2014), Dar Al-Aan Publishers and Distributors, Jordan.
Ali, Tahar Lakous (2016) The symbolic power of Bourdieu Pierre, Academy Journal of Social and Human Studies, Issue Sixteen, Algeria.
Ezz Al-Arab, Iman Mohamed (2016) Gender Violence within the Egyptian Family: A Content Analysis of Its Patterns and Factors in Al-Ahram and Al-Wafd Newspapers, Arab Journal of Sociology, Issue 18, Center for Research and Social Studies, Faculty of Arts, Cairo University.
Abdel Azim, Hosni Ibrahim (2011) The Body, Class and Cultural Capital: A Reading in the Sociology of Pierre Bourdieu, Arab Journal of Sociology, Issue Fifteen, Arab Society for Sociology.
Ali, Hamdi Ahmed Omar (2022) Reproducing symbolic violence through the mechanisms of social networks: a sociological study on a sample of virtual groups on Facebook, Journal of the Faculty of Arts in Qena, Issue 54, Part Two, South Valley University.
Milhem, Ibrahim Ahmad (2021) Literature and Digital Audiences, Dar Al-Aan Publishers and Distributors, Jordan.
Mansouri, Nadim (2016) Scenes of Violence through Modern Media: Risks and Fears, Tabeen Journal for Intellectual and Cultural Studies, Volume IV, Issue Fifteen, Arab Center for Research and Policy Studies.
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (2019) Global Guidelines on Gender-Based Violence in the School Environment, Paris.
Arab Women Organization (DW) Women and the Achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals in the Arab Region: An Advisory Study, Executive Summary.
UN Women Violence Against Women in the Digital Space: Insights from a Multi-Country Study in the Arab States, (Summary).
Wasar, Nawal (2021) Digital Violence Against Women. The Extension of the Phenomenon and the Expansion of Forms, Al-Riwaq Journal for Social and Human Studies, Volume VII, Issue One, Algeria.
Watfa, Ali Asaad (2009) From Symbolism and Violence to Symbolic Violence: A Reading of the Pedagogical Function of Symbolic Violence in School Education, Journal of Social Affairs, Sociological Association with the American University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
ثالثاً: المراجع الأجنبية
Alsbahy, M., & ALeemuddin, S. (2020), symbolic violence Mechanisms from Bourdieu's perspective, pune Research world, An international Journal of interdisciplinary studies, 5(1).
Amnesty International. (2018). Toxic Twitter: violence and abuse against women online, Amnesty International, London.
Antoniadou, N., Kokkinos, C. M., & Fanti, K. A. (2019). Traditional and cyber bullying/victimization among adolescents: Examining their psychosocial profile through latent profile analysis. International journal of bullying prevention, 1(2), 85-98.
Arseven, T. (2017). Analysis of Fakir Baykurt's novel. "TiR pan" [scyTHE] in terms of symbolic Violence, Folklore, Cyprus international university. Folklore/Edebiyat, 93(1).
Association for progressive Communications(APC) (2017,November) online Gender based violence: A submission from the association for progressive Communications to the United Nations special Rapporteur on violence against women, its Causes and Consequences,P.5.
Baldasare, A., Bauman, S., Goldman, L., & Robie, A. (2012). Cyberbullying? Voices of college students. Misbehavior online in higher education. Cutting-edge technologies in higher Education, Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
Barter, C., & Koulu, S. (2021). Digital technologies and gender-based violence–mechanisms for oppression, activism and recovery. Journal of gender-based violence, 5(3), 367-375.
Bauman, S., Toomey, R. B., & Walker, J. L. (2013). Associations among bullying, cyberbullying, and suicide in high school students. Journal of adolescence, 36(2), 341-350.
Bennett, D. C., Guran, E. L., Ramos, M. C., & Margolin, G. (2011). College students’ electronic victimization in friendships and dating relationships: Anticipated distress and associations with risky behaviors. Violence and victims, 26(4), 410-429.
Bourdieu, p. (1992). Réponses, Pour une anthropologie réflexive, Seuil, Paris.
Brack, K., & Caltabiano, N. (2014). Cyberbullying and self-esteem in Australian adults. Cyberpsychology: Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace, 8(2).
Brown, C., & Hegarty, K. (2021). Development and validation of the TAR Scale: A measure of technology-facilitated abuse in relationships. Computers in human behavior reports, 3, Elsevier.
Burke, S. C., Wallen, M., Vail-Smith, K., & Knox, D. (2011). Using technology to control intimate partners: An exploratory study of college undergraduates. Computers in human behavior, 27(3), 1162-1167.
Cesur, B., Nur, N., & PI, Ş. E. (2016). The Relation of cyber-Bullying and cyber victimization on Loneliness among university students University Students”. International Journal of Current Research, 8(3), 27725-27730.
Chakraborty, A. (2021). symbolic violence and Dalit Feminism: Possibilities emerging From a Dalit. Feminist stand paint reading of Bourdieu, International Feminist Journal of Politics, Routledge-Taylor & Francis Group.
Cripps, J., & Stermac, L. (2018). Cyber-sexual violence and negative emotional states among women in a Canadian university. International journal of cyber criminology, 12(1), 171-186.
Dragiewicz, M., Harris, B., Woodlock, D., & Salter, M. (2021). Digital media and domestic violence in Australia: essential contexts. Journal of gender-based violence, 5(3), 377-393.
Duran,M., &Pecino, R. M. (2015). Cyberbullying trough mobile phone and the internet in dating relationships among youth people. Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal, 23(1), 159-167.
Garcia, c., et al (2021). Cyber bulling in a Spanish university sample, REOP, Vol. 32, N.2.
Georgetown Institute for Women, Peace Security and Peace Reseach Institute Oslo(2021).women, peace and security index 2021-2022 Summary, Tracking Sustainable peace through inclusion,Justice andSecurity for Women, Washington, p.16
Harris, B., & Vitis, L. (2020). Digital intrusions: technology, spatiality and violence against women. Journal of Gender-Based Violence, 4(3), 325-341.
Hinduja, S., Patchin,w. (2008). Cyberbullying: An Exploratory Analysis of Factors Related to Offending and Victimization, Devaint Behavior, 29:2, 129-156
Hinson, L., Mueller, J., O'Brien-Milne, L., & Wandera, N. (2018). Technology-facilitated gender-based violence: What is it, and how do we measure it?, international Center for Research on women [ICRW], Washington.
Jenaro, C., Flores, N., & Frías, C. P. (2021). Anxiety and depression in cyberbullied college students: A retrospective study. Journal of interpersonal violence, 36(1-2), 579-602.
Litwiller, B. J., & Brausch, A. M. (2013). Cyber bullying and physical bullying in adolescent suicide: the role of violent behavior and substance use. Journal of youth and adolescence, Springer, 42(5), 675-684.
MacDonald, C. D., & Roberts-Pittman, B. (2010). Cyberbullying among college students: Prevalence and demographic differences. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 9, 2003-2009.
Macharia, M., & Dunaway, M. (2019). Digital Citizens And Cyber bulling: Does Gender Matter? Proceedings of the 2019 AIS Siged International Conference on information system Education and Research, Als Electronic Library (AIsel).
Melander, L. A. (2010). College students' perceptions of intimate partner cyber harassment. Cyberpsychology, behavior, and social networking, 13(3), 263-268.
Pecino, R., & Durán, M. (2019). I love you but I cyberbully you: The role of hostile sexism. Journal of interpersonal violence, 34(4), 812-825.
Smith, P. K., Mahdavi, J., Carvalho, M., Fisher, S., Russell, S., & Tippett, N. (2008). Cyberbullying: Its nature and impact in secondary school pupils. Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, 49(4), 376-385.
Soto, A. M., & Ibabe, I. (2022). Recommended instruments for analyzing cyber dating violence: A systematic review. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 25.
Srivastava, A., Rusow, J., Schrager, S. M., Stephenson, R., & Goldbach, J. T. (2022). Digital sexual violence and suicide risk in a national sample of sexual minority adolescents. Journal of interpersonal violence, Sage.
Sunitha, P. (2016). Domestic violence and theories. International Journal of Research in Economics and Social Sciences (IJRESS), 6(12), 206-214.
Suyoga, I. & Dwijendra, A. (2020). Analysis of symbolic violence practices in Balinese vernacular architecture: A case study in Bali, Indonesia. , International Journal of Innovation, creativity and change, 13(5), 184-194.
Weininger, E. B. (2002). Pierre Bourdieu on social class and symbolic violence. Alternative foundations of class analysis, 4, 83, p.115-171.
Woodlock, D. (2017). The abuse of technology in domestic violence and stalking. Violence against women, 23(5), 584-602.
Zagloul, N.M., Farghaly, R.M., ELKhatib, H., Issa, S.Y., El-Zoghby, S.M. (2022).Technology facilitated sexual violence: a comparative study between working and non-working females in Egypt before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, Egypt J Forensic Sci. 2022;12(1):21. doi: 10.1186/s41935-022-00278-2. Epub 2022 Apr 11. PMID: 35433051; PMCID: PMC8996216.
: مجلة علمية محکمة للبحوث التربوية والنفسية والاجتماعية', './data/jsrep/coversheet/cover_en.jpg'))
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