The Effectiveness Of Divergent Thinking Strategies In Teaching Social Studies To Develop Geographical Inquiry Skills And Positive Thinking Among Middle School Students.

Document Type : Original Article

Author

Curricula and Methods of Teaching Geography, Faculty of Education, Menoufia University.

Abstract

The research aimed to reveal the effectiveness of divergent thinking strategies in teaching social studies to develop the skills of geographical investigation and positive thinking among middle school students. the usual. The research group consisted of (66) female students from the first preparatory grade at Al-Shuhada Preparatory School for Girls affiliated to the Al-Shuhada Educational Administration in Menoufia Governorate. To achieve this, the geographical survey skills test and the positive thinking scale were built, and they were applied beforehand to the two research groups, then teaching to the experimental group according to divergent thinking strategies, and the control group according to the usual form, then applying the research tools post-test to the two research groups.




The results of the research indicated: There is a statistically significant difference at the level (≥∝ 05¸0) between the mean scores of the experimental group students and the control group students’ scores in the post application of the geographical survey skills test and the positive thinking scale in favor of the experimental group students, which indicates the effectiveness of divergent thinking strategies in teaching social studies. To develop geographical survey skills and positive thinking among first-grade female students.


The research recommended: The need to reconsider the planning and teaching of social studies curricula in the preparatory stage so that it focuses, through its content, on developing the skills of geographical investigation and positive thinking among the female students of the first preparatory grade.
 

Highlights

 

 

Keywords


 

 
Ibrahim Abd-Allah Mohamed Salim (2021): The Impact of Employing Some Technological Innovations in Teaching the Geography Course of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to Develop Some Geographical Inquiry Skills and Academic Achievement among Qassim University Students, Conference on the Future of E-Learning in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia According to Vision 2030, College of Science and Arts in Rass, University Al-Qassim.
Ahmed Badawy Ahmed Kamal, Abd El-al Riyad Abd El-Samie (2017): A proposed program based on the environmental approach in teaching social studies to develop the dimensions of tolerance and positive thinking skills among primary school students, International Conference of the Educational Association for Social Studies: Tolerance and Acceptance of the Other, Journal of the Educational Association for Social Studies, Volume 1, pp. 551: 567.
Ahmed Zaree Ahmed Zaree (2017): Meta-cognitive thinking strategies in teaching geography and its impact on the development of achievement, geographical skills, and positive thinking among middle school students, Journal of the Faculty of Education, Assiut University, Volume 33, Issue 2, pages 644: 694.
Ahmed Abd El-Rashid Hussein Abd El-Rahman (2013): The effectiveness of a technical program based on diversifying teaching with multimedia and exploratory trips in developing geographical investigation skills and spatial sense of first-grade middle school students, Journal of Arab Studies in Education and Psychology, Association of Arab Educators, Issue 41, pages 53: 110 .
 
 
 
 
Ahmed Mossad Ahmed Ali Al-Hadi (2018): The effect of using the inquiry method on the development of achievement and the survival of the impact of learning in social studies among the ninth grade students in the city of Dhamar, Scientific Journal of the College of Education, Zamar University, Issue 14, pages 74: 109.
Areej Saleh Abd Al-Rahman Al-Shaboul (2010): Developing the Geography Book for the Tenth Grade in the Light of the Principles of Structural Theory and Measuring its Impact on Developing Inquiry Skills, Ph.D. Thesis, College of Education, Yarmouk University.
Amal Sandouqa, Nasser Al-Khawaldeh (2021): Developing two units from the geography book for the tenth grade in light of the geographical survey curriculum and measuring their impact on students’ acquisition of critical thinking skills in Jordan, An-Najah University Journal for Research (Human Sciences), An-Najah National University, Volume 35, Issue 12 , pp. 1987: 2022.
Eman Samir Hamdy Ahmed (2022): The effectiveness of a proposed teaching system based on some educational platforms in teaching mathematics in English to develop achievement, positive thinking and mental alertness among primary school students, Mathematics Education Journal, Egyptian Association for Mathematics Education, Volume 25, Issue 5, pages 91 : 191.
Eman Kamel Ismail Al-Fadli (2022): The Effectiveness of Divergent Thinking Strategies in Developing Geographical Understanding and Visual-spatial Visualization Skills for First Preparatory Grade Pupils, Ph.D. Thesis, Faculty of Education, Kafr El-Sheikh University.
Basem Sabri Mohamed Salam (2018): The effect of using the Adey and Shayer model in social studies on the development of positive thinking skills and the attitude towards emotional participation among middle school students, Journal of the Educational Association for Social Studies, Issue 107, pages 83: 137.
 
 
Tahani Attia Mahmoud Al-Banna (2018): The effect of using the SWOM model on developing problem-solving skills and positive thinking among middle school students in social studies, Educational Journal, Faculty of Education, Sohag University, Issue 53, pages 489: 543.
Jaber Abd El-Hamid Jaber (2010): Thinking Frameworks and Theories - A Guide to Teaching, Learning and Research - 2nd Edition, Dar Al-Masira for Printing and Publishing, Amman, Jordan.
Gamal Hassan El-Sayed Ibrahim (2019): Using Sternberg’s theory in teaching geography to develop applied practical thinking, scientific investigation, and awareness of geographical expediency among primary school students, Journal of the Faculty of Education, Assiut University, Volume 35, Issue 9, pages 136: 186.
Jihad Farid Ismail Fathallah Khalifa (2018): The effectiveness of using divergent thinking strategies in teaching psychology in developing academic achievement and awareness of self-concept among secondary school students, Journal of Scientific Research in Education, Girls College of Arts, Sciences and Education, Ain Shams University, Issue 19 , pp. 567: 605.
Hassan Sayed Shehata (2012): Curriculum Design and Values of Progress in the Arab World, 2nd edition, The Egyptian Lebanese House, Cairo.
Hassan Ayel Ahmed Yahya (2019): Educational Geography, Dar Al-Yazuri for Publishing and Distribution, Amman, Jordan.
Hanan Abdo Abd-ElRazek (2022): A program based on stimulants of cognitive strategies in developing positive thinking among secondary school students, Studies in Higher Education Journal, University Education Development Center, Assiut University, Issue 21, pages 102: 114.
Khaled Abd El- Latif Omran (2009): Functional Skills in Geography in the Information Age "Theoretical and Applied Visions", Science and Faith for Publishing and Distribution, Disouq.
 
 
 
Khamis Mohamed Khamis Abd El-Hameed (2014): A proposed program in geography based on the theory of Theresa and its impact on the development of geographical thinking skills and the attitude towards matter among first-grade middle school students, Journal of the Educational Association for Social Studies, Issue 65, pages 193: 238.
Dalia Al-Hadi Mujahid Ahmed Al-Hadidi (2020): The effectiveness of divergent thinking strategies in developing probabilistic thinking among middle school students, Journal of the Faculty of Education in Mansoura, Mansoura University, Volume 109, Issue 5, pages 1371: 1408.
Doaa Said Shaaban Al-Barbari (2021): The effectiveness of using electronic mental maps in teaching social studies to develop divergent thinking skills among third-grade preparatory students, Journal of Arab Studies in Education and Psychology, Association of Arab Educators, Issue 138, pages 259: 378.
Rasha Nabil Saad Ibrahim (2020): The effectiveness of using divergent thinking strategies in developing numerical sense and logical-mathematical intelligence among primary school students, Mathematics Education Journal, Egyptian Association for Mathematics Education, Volume 23, Issue 7, pages 302: 378.
Reda Saeed Mustafa Abd El-Razek (2021): The effectiveness of using the interface using electronic blogs in teaching geography to develop some concepts and divergent thinking among secondary school students, master's thesis, Faculty of Education, Zagazig University.
Reda Al-Sayed Shaaban Ismail (2019): Using the strategy of learning stations to develop some skills of positive thinking and engagement in learning geography among students of the first cycle of basic education, Journal of the Educational Association for Social Studies, Issue 117, pages 1: 66.
Sarah Abd El-Sattar ElSawy Ahmed (2022): The effectiveness of teaching a proposed unit in social studies using accelerated learning to develop environmental citizenship and positive thinking among primary school students, Journal of Research in Education and Psychology, Faculty of Education, Minia University, Volume 37, Issue 2, pages 315: 356.
Samia Al-Mohammadi Fayed (2019): The effect of using divergent thinking strategies in teaching history on the development of reflective thinking skills and the survival of the impact of learning among secondary school students, Journal of the Educational Association for Social Studies, Issue 109, pages 147: 175.
Samia Al-Mohammadi Fayed, Mustafa Al-Sayed Ghazi (2017): The effectiveness of investigative teaching of geography in developing some science operations skills among secondary school students, Journal of the Faculty of Education, Tanta University, Volume 66, Issue 2, pages 478: 528.
Sarab Nasser Khalaf Al-Obeidi (2020): The effect of the inquiry method on achievement and the development of motivation towards learning in history among second-grade intermediate students in Iraq, master's thesis, College of Educational and Psychological Sciences, Amman Arab University.
Salwa Hassan Mohamed Basal (2018): The effectiveness of using divergent thinking strategies in developing critical reading skills among middle school students, Reading and Knowledge Journal, The Egyptian Association for Reading and Knowledge, Issue 206, pages 221: 271.
Shaima Ahmed Mohamed Ahmed (2021): A program prepared according to the integration between the quadruple strategic analysis and the performance improvement model to develop the professional competencies of primary science teachers and their impact on the positive thinking skills of their students, Fayoum University Journal of Educational and Psychological Sciences, Volume 15, pages 1006: 1059.
Sabri Ibrahim Abd Alaal al-Gizawi, Abd al-Rahman Muhammad Abd Al-Rahman Masoud (2019): The effectiveness of an educational unit based on divergent thinking strategies in teaching history to develop creative thinking and wisdom among second year secondary students, Journal of the Faculty of Education, Benha University, Issue 120, Part 30, Pages 89: 136.
Sabri Abd Elhamid Abd El-latif Mohamed (2013): The Effectiveness of Reciprocal Teaching in Developing Some Inquiry Skills in Geography for Preparatory Stage Pupils, Master Thesis, Faculty of Education, Tanta University.
Salah Mohamed Juma Abu Zaid (2021): The effectiveness of the flipped classroom strategy in teaching geography to develop some map reading skills and the dimensions of positive thinking among sixth grade students, Journal of the College of Education, Beni Suef University, Volume 18, Issue 107, pages 426: 514.
Taher Mahmoud Mohamed Al-Hanan (2013): A proposed unit for teaching history using divergent thinking strategies in developing decision-making skills and historical awareness of the history of Jerusalem among second-grade middle school students, Journal of the Educational Association for Social Studies, Issue 48, pages 13: 75.
Abd Allah Ibrahim Youssef Abd El-Meguid, Hana Helmy Abd El-Hamid Eid Abo Nima (2020): Using a proposed model based on the theory of successful intelligence in teaching the Principles of Scientific Thinking unit to develop concepts, positive thinking and scientific trends among first-year secondary students, The Educational Journal, Faculty of Education, Sohag University, No. 79, pp. 509: 609.
Abd AlLah Abd ElKhaleq Abd El-Hadi Jamil (2018): A proposed curriculum in history based on the psychological determinants necessary to develop some positive thinking skills, academic ambition and cognitive achievement among secondary school students, Journal of the Educational Association for Social Studies, Issue 106, pages 1: 53.
Abd El Moez Mohamed Ibrahim Al-Qalawi (2018): The impact of using McCarthy’s 4MAT format model in teaching geography on the development of sustainable development concepts and positive thinking skills for middle school students, Journal of the College of Education, Beni Suef University, Volume 15, Issue 83, pages 262: 337.
Abd El-wahid Milad Al-Senussi Qutaish (2020): The effectiveness of divergent thinking strategies in developing social intelligence skills and higher cognitive processes among eighth grade preparatory students in geography in Libya, PhD thesis, Graduate School, International Islamic Sciences University, Jordan.
 
Alaa Abd Allah Ahmed Marwad (2020): The effectiveness of using rapid learning techniques in teaching history to develop the skills of historical investigation and positive thinking among first-grade middle school students, Journal of the Educational Association for Social Studies, Issue 127, pages 11: 74.
Alia Mohamed Al-Bakry Hassanein (2021): Positive thinking and its relationship to mental motivation and psychological flow among university students, Master Thesis, Faculty of Education, Beni Suef University.
Emad Abo Saree Hussein Al-Sayed, Shaima Mahmoud Mohamed Jumaa (2021): Designing a program based on micro-learning through the Easy Class platform to develop some geographical survey skills and digital citizenship values among middle school students, Journal of the Educational Association for Social Studies, Issue 134, pages 102: 191.
Ghada Abd El-baset Mohamed Ahmed (2018): The effectiveness of the divergent thinking strategy in teaching philosophical subjects in developing decision-making skills for secondary school students, Journal of Research in the Fields of Specific Education, Faculty of Specific Education, Minia University, Issue 17, pages 1: 31.
Ghazai Khalil Mohamed al-Jubouri (2016): The effectiveness of a proposed program in history based on reflective teaching to develop inquiry and achievement skills among fifth grade preparatory students in the Republic of Iraq, PhD thesis, College of Education, Mansoura University.
Faten Abd El-Moneim Ali (2020): Geographical thinking skills to be developed among secondary school students in geography, Journal of the Faculty of Education in Mansoura, Mansoura University, Volume 109, Issue 6, pages 1715: 1740.
Fatima Shaaban Mohamed Asiri (2022): A proposed strategy based on the divergent thinking approach and its effectiveness in developing reflective reading skills among middle school students, Journal of the Islamic University of Educational and Social Sciences, Issue 11, pages 175: 224.
 
 
 
fayida Yassin Taha Al-Badri (2019): The Effectiveness of Diversified Thinking Strategies in Achievement and Productive Thinking Skills in Mathematics for Second Grade Intermediate Students, Specialized International Educational Journal, Dar Simat for Studies and Research, Volume 8, Issue 4, pages 73: 86.
Fathi Abd El-Rahman Jarwan (2013): Creativity (its concept - criteria - components), Dar Al-Fikr for Publishing and Distribution, 3rd edition, Amman, Jordan.
Firas Al-Sleiti (2008): Teaching and Learning Strategies - Theory and Practice -, The Modern World of Books, Amman, Jordan.
Qais Shaker Karim Al-Jubouri (2022): Analyzing the Activities of Social Books for the Primary Stage in the Light of Scientific Inquiry Skills, Journal of the Babylon Center for Human Studies, University of Babylon, Volume 12, Issue 3, pages 651: 684.
Kamal Abd El-Hamid Zaytoun (2009): Teaching models and skills, third edition, World of Books, Cairo.
Mohsen Ali Attia (2015): Thinking: (Types, Skills, and Teaching Strategies), Dar Safaa for Printing, Publishing, and Distribution, Amman, Jordan.
Mohamed Amin Atwa (2009): Teaching Social Studies (Theory and Application) Contemporary Vision, Dar Al-Sahab, Cairo.
Mohamed Hamid Al-Masoudi, Salah Khalifa Al-Lami (2014): Methods of Teaching Social Subjects (Concepts and Applications), Dar Safaa for Printing, Publishing and Distribution, Amman, Jordan.
Mohamed Saber Salim, Yahya Attia Soleiman, Hassan Sayed Shehata, Fayez Murad Mina, Mohsen Hamed Farraj, Yousry Afifi Afifi (2013): Curriculum construction and planning, Dar Al-Fikr, Amman.
Mohamed Abd El-Halim Abd ElBari Mahmoud (2019): The effectiveness of using thinking maps in teaching social studies to develop some investigative skills among middle school students, Journal of the Faculty of Education, Tanta University, Volume 75, Issue 3, pages 499: 544.
 
 
Mahmoud Abdo Ahmed Farag, Azza Fathi Sayed Younes (2022): The Effectiveness of Divergent Thinking Strategies in Developing Creative Thinking Skills and Literary Appreciation for Arabic Language Students Speaking in Other Languages, Reading and Knowledge Journal, The Egyptian Association for Reading and Knowledge, Issue 243, Pages 93: 149.
Mahmoud Mohamed Mustafa (2019): The effectiveness of a program based on the periodic inquiry model in teaching history on developing some reflective thinking skills among students of the History Department at the College of Education, Journal of the Educational Association for Social Studies, Issue 116, pages 147: 214.
Marwa Hussein Ismail Taha (2008): Developing the preparatory stage geography curriculum in the light of international standards and its impact on the development of investigation skills and achievement among the students of that stage, Ph.D. thesis, Girls' College of Arts, Sciences and Education, Ain Shams University.
Mustafa Abd El-Wahhab Ahmed Abo Jabal (2021): The Effectiveness of the Hot Chair Strategy in Developing Some Positive Thinking Skills and Cognitive Achievement in Social Studies Subject for Sixth Grade Pupils, Journal of Scientific Research in Education, Girls’ College of Arts, Sciences and Education, Ain Shams University, Issue 22, pages 434: 485.
Mustafa Ali Taha Mosa (2020): The effectiveness of using divergent thinking strategies in teaching history to develop cognitive achievement and some habits of mind among middle school students, Journal of Scientific Research in Education, College of Girls for Arts, Sciences and Education, Ain Shams University, Issue 21, pages 404: 434 .
Maha Sabri Moawad Ibrahim (2019): The effectiveness of combining constructivist theory strategies in teaching social studies in developing positive thinking and self-esteem among middle school students, Journal of the Educational Association for Social Studies, Issue 115, pages 93: 109.
 
 
 
Mai Mohamed Youssef Al-Moghni (2019): A program based on computer-enhanced differentiated education and its role in developing divergent thinking skills among middle school students with different learning styles in social studies, Journal of the Faculty of Education in Mansoura, Mansoura University, Volume 105, Issue 4, pages 590 : 618.
Mimi Nashat Abd El-Razek Abdallah (2021): Using the Merrill and Tennyson model in teaching Arabic to develop deep understanding skills of rhetorical concepts and positive thinking among secondary school students, Fayoum University Journal of Educational and Psychological Sciences, Volume 15, pages 342: 395.
Naglaa Mohamed Salih (2020): Using Group Discussion Methods and Developing Positive Thinking among University Youth, Journal of Studies in Social Work and Human Sciences, Faculty of Social Work, Helwan University, Issue 49, pages 819: 846.
Naima Ibrahim Bannour Al-Hajj Mohamed (2018): Using Thinking Hats to Develop Positive Thinking and Achievement in Science for Second Preparatory Grade Students, Master Thesis, Girls' College of Arts, Sciences and Education, Ain Shams University.
Noha Shaaban Abd El-Naeem Mohamed (2021): A model based on the theory of brain-based learning in teaching geometry to develop some divergent thinking skills among first-grade middle school students, Journal of Research in Education and Psychology, Volume 36, Issue 3, pages 283: 308.
Nawal Abd El-Fattah Fahmy Khalil, The Life of Ali Muhammad Ramadan (2021): Divergent thinking strategies and their impact on developing future thinking in science among middle school students, Research Journal, Girls’ College of Arts, Sciences and Education, Ain Shams University, Issue 7, Part 2, Pages 126: 168.
Nofal Abbas Karim (2021): The effectiveness of divergent thinking strategies on achievement and generative thinking skills in history among fifth grade literary students, Northern European Academic Journal for Studies and Research, Volume 3, Issue 10, pages 3: 31.
Hala Al-Shahat, Attia Youssef (2019): A program based on divergent thinking strategies in teaching history to develop deep understanding and academic self-concept among middle school students, Journal of Arab Studies in Education and Psychology, Association of Arab Educators, Issue 114, pages 241: 298.
Hebat Allah Helmy Abdel-Fattah (2022): The effectiveness of using the (PAIKEM) application of active, innovative, creative, effective and enjoyable education in teaching social studies on developing positive thinking skills and improving learning outcomes for students in the first cycle of basic education, Journal of the Educational Association for Social Studies, Issue 136, pages 100: 141.
ثالثا: المراجع الأجنبية:
Celik Ismail, SariCam Hakan (2018):The relationships between positive thinking skills, academic locus of control and gratin adolescents, Universal journal of educational research, v6, n3, PP 392: 398.
Chun-Ting Chen, Hsiao-Ching She (2015): The Effectiveness of Scientific Inquiry With/Without Integration of Scientific Reasoning. International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education, Feb, 13 (1), 1-20.
Gillian Kidman (2012): Geographical inquiry in Australian schools: a retrospective analysis. International Research in Geographical, Environmental Education, 21 (4), 311-319.
Giulia Fusi, Sara Lavolpe, Maura Crepaldi, Maria Luisa Rusconi (2021): The controversial effect of age on divergent thinking abilities abilities: A systematic review. The Journal of Creative Behavior, 55(2), 374-395.
Hülya Yiğit Özüdoğru, Nurcan Demiralp (2021): Developing a geographic inquiry process skills scale, Journal Education Inquiry, Volume 13, 374-394.
Kelly Marie Jones (2016): The Impact Of Positive Thinking And Empathy Induction On Social Perceptions Of Cancer. PhD. University of North Dakota.
 
 
Mudrika Salih Abdullah,  Waleed Khalid Saleh Khader Al-Jadoui (2021): The Effect of Using the Harvest Strategy on the Divergent Thinking Skills of First-Grade Intermediate. Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT), 12(13), 4202-4212.
Mundilarto (2013): Keefektifan Pendekatan Inquiry Based Learning untuk Meningkatan Karakter Peserta Didik SMA pada Pembelajaran Fisika, Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika dan Sains Edisi 1 Tahun ke (1), 24-30.
Sherry Joiner Harrell (2018): The influence of a theory based U.S history curriculum on student content knowledge, student historical interpretation skills, and student self-efficacy for historical inquiry. Humanities and Social Sciences, 10- 78.
Shu Jun Lee, Jeana Kriewaldt, Margaret Roberts (2021): Cross-national comparisons of inquiry learning in secondary geography curricula, The Curriculum Journal, Volume33, Issue (1), 42- 60.
Thomas Cardellichio, Wendy Field (1997): Seven Strategies that Encourage Neural Branching. Educational leadership. 54(6), 33-36.