The relationship between perceived stress coping strategies and type A behavior pattern among the faculty staff members at Al-Azhar University in Cairo

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

Mental Health department, Al-Azhar University university, Egypt.

Abstract

This study aimed at exploring the level of using perceived stress coping strategies among the faculty members at Al-Azhar University in Cairo. In addition, it explored the correlation between perceived stress coping strategies and type A behavior pattern among the faculty staff at Al-Azhar University. Moreover, the study aimed at identifying the differences in using these strategies in light of gender and academic degree. The study sample consisted of (160) of which 90 were males and 70 were females. The researchers used the measures of Perceived Stress Coping Strategies and Type “A” Behavior Pattern (prepared by researchers), and the descriptive correlative approach was used. Results showed a statistically significant correlation between perceived stress coping strategies and type A behavior pattern among the sample of the study. Moreover, there were statistically significant differences between males and females in using problem-focused coping and seeking social support in favor of males, while there were statistically significant differences between males and females in using the avoidance strategy in favor of females, while there were no statistically significant differences between males and females in using the emotional orientation strategy. Furthermore, there were statistically significant differences in using problem-focused coping among faculty staff members at Al-Azhar University in the light of the academic degree in favor of the degree of professor, while there were no statistically significant differences in the strategies of emotional orientation, seeking social support, and avoidance among faculty staff members at Al-Azhar University in the light of the academic degree.
 

Highlights

 

 

Keywords

Full Text

 

 

References

Ibrahim, Hawari & Abdelkader, Barquq (2021). Stress coping strategies among married working women (a sample of female professors from the University of Ouargla). Al-Manhal Al-Iqtisadi Magazine, p. 2, 131-144.
Abu Habib, Nabila Ahmed (2010). Psychological stress and coping strategies and their relationship to the academic achievement of the sons of martyrs in Gaza Governorate. Unpublished MA, Faculty of Education, Al-Azhar University, Gaza.
Al-Amiri, Ahmed Ali, & Mujahid, Anisa Abdo (2004). Psychological stress among Yemeni professors in emerging Yemeni universities. Journal of Faculty of Education, Assiut University, 20 (2), 371-399
Badarin, Ghalib; Ghaith, Souad; Al-Akour, Mutasim (2012). Type A behavior, emotional intelligence and social self-efficacy as predictors of work motivation among faculty members at the Hashemite University. Journal of Educational and Psychological Studies, Sultan Qaboos University, 6 (3),              57-68.
Ben Zeroual, Fatiha (2009). Stress among type As: Level, symptoms, and coping strategies. Journal of Human Sciences, Mentouri University of Constantinople, 32, 113-143.
Gouda, Amal (2004, November 23-24). Styles of stressful life events and their relationship to mental health among a sample of Al-Aqsa University students, the 1st Educational Conference for Education in Palestine, the Islamic University, Gaza, November, 667-696.
 
 
 
 
Habara, Muhammad; Amanullah, Rashid & Salem, Salem (2021). Stress coping strategies and their relationship to the big five factors of personality: A field study on a sample of physical education teachers for the secondary stage in M'sila. Journal of the Researcher in the Humanities and Social Sciences, 13(4), 1121-1170.
Hussein, Taha Abdel Azim and Hussein, Salama Abdel Azim (2006). Strategies for managing educational and psychological stress. Dar Alfikr.
Hamaki, Walid Talaat Metwally (2016). Coping strategies with occupational pressures and their relationship to job satisfaction among faculty members at the College of Science and Arts in Al-Rass. Psychological Counseling Journal, 46 (3), 153-229.
Al-Kharshagha, Hadeel Hisham (2016). Sources of psychological stress and coping strategies among faculty members at Yarmouk University. Unpublished MA, College of Education, Yarmouk University, Jordan.
Dardir, Nashwa Karam Ammar (2007). Psychological burnout of teachers with type (A, B) and its relationship to methods of facing problems. Unpublished MA, Faculty of Education, Fayoum University.
Al-Dulaimi, Tariq and Al-Shammari Zaid (2013). Personality pattern of extraversion, introversion and emotion management among secondary school teachers. Anbar University Journal of Human Sciences, 4, 491-537.
Raja, Maryam (2007). Students' stress coping strategies: A field study on a sample of students of the Faculty of Education at the University of Damascus, Journal of the Union of Arab Universities, 5 (1), 145-172.
Rifai, Rajab Muhammad (2007). Physicians' strategies in adapting to work stress and their relationship to personality types (A & B):  A field study. Journal of Contemporary Business Research, Sohag University, 21(1), 1-48.
Al-Sahli, Abdullah bin Humaid (2010). Stress coping strategies among young people who receive treatment at the Psychiatric Hospital in Madinah and non-patients. PhD Thesis, College of Education, Umm Al-Qura University, Saudi Arabia.
El-Sayed, Wael El-Sayed (2018). A study of psychological stress and its relationship to the quality of university life among faculty members at King Saud University. International Journal of Psychological and Educational Studies, 3 (1), 25-48.
Shaker, Osama Muhammad and Al-Deeb, Muhammad Mustafa (1999). Studying the psychological pressures of school principals in light of the educational stage, years of experience and training courses. Journal of Education, Al-Azhar University, 85, 111-165.
Shaaban, Rajab Ali (1995). Gender and age differences in methods of adapting to stressful situations. Journal of Psychology, Egyptian General Book Organization, 24, 110 - 123.
Shoukry, Adel Karim (2006). Type A behavior: A study in Health Psychology. University Knowledge House.
Shakaa, Ali Adel (2009). Coping strategies with stressful daily life events among students of Al-Quds Open University in Nablus Governorate. Al-Najah University Journal, An-Najah National University, 23 (2), 351-378.
Shuayel, Yazid (2016). The relationship between behavioral patterns (A & B), stress coping strategies and quality of life in diabetic patients (a field study). Dirasat Journal, Ammar Thaleji University, 43, 192 - 215.
Farah, Adnan and Otoum, Ali (1999). Constructing a Type (A) Behavior Pattern Scale. Yarmouk Research Journal, 15 (3), 29-40.
Al-Sabban, Abeer Mohammed; My divorce, Areej Muhammad Allah & Mo'men, Dina Khaled (2019). Psychological immunization and its relationship to methods of coping with psychological stress among a sample of faculty members at King Abdulaziz University, The Egyptian Journal of Specialized Studies, 23, 1487-196.
Taxation, Abdullah (2010). Coping strategies with occupational psychological stress and their relationship to some variables: A field study on a sample of workers in the foot glass factory in Damascus. Damascus University Journal, 26(4), 669-719.
Taher, Hoda Jaafar (1998). Type A behavior in relation to occupational preferences and choice. Journal of Social Sciences, Kuwait Journal, 26 (4), 111-136.
Abdel-Khaleq, Ahmed Mohamed (2000). Type "A" behavior: A study of some social and psychological correlations. Psychological Studies, Egyptian Psychological Association, 10 (4), 485-495.
Abdel-Khaleq, Ahmed Mohamed and Dewidar, Abdel-Fattah Mohamed (1992). Type A behavior and its relationship to personality dimensions: A factorial study. Journal of Social Sciences, 20 (4), 9-30.
Abdul Qawi, Sami (2002). Coping strategies with stress and depressive manifestations among a sample of students of the Emirates University", , Ain Shams Journal of Arts, 30,               309 - 361.
Al-Farah, Adnan and Al-Atoum, Adnan (1999). Constructing Type A Behavior Pattern Scale. Yarmouk Research Journal, 15 (3), 29-40.
Atheeb, Abdel Wahab Farag (2018). Psychological stress and personal And psychological stress in the onset of diabetes. World of Education: The Arab Foundation for Scientific Consultation and Resource Development 63 (4), 110-139.
Atallah, Muhammad Ibrahim (2016). Stress coping strategies and their relationship to self-efficacy and quality of life among faculty assistants at Mansoura University. Psychological Counseling Journal, 48 (1), 37-77.
Qassem, Sally Salah (2017). Differences in stress coping strategies in the light of psychological hardness and cognitive and psychological flexibility among university professors practicing administrative tasks. Educational and Psychological Studies, 96, 11-139.
Al-Qabi, Khaled Mohamed and Al-Husseini, Hussein Mohamed (2018). Stress coping strategies in children. The Scientific Journal of the College of Early Childhood Education, Mansoura University, 5 (1), 436-460.
Al-Nasser, Hessa Abdel-Rahman (1996). Type A behavior and its relationship to neuroticism and extroversion. A study of the correlations between items. Journal of Social Sciences, Kuwait, 24 (4), 57-72.
 
 
Al-Yamani, Abdul-Raouf and Al-Zoubi, Nizar Muhammad (2013). Stress coping strategies among a sample of undergraduate students in the faculties of education in the Jordanian public universities. Al-Quds Open University Journal of Educational and Psychological Research and Studies, Palestine, 1(2), 213-246.
Youssef, Juma Sayed (2000). Studies in clinical psychology. Dar Gharib for Printing and Publishing.
ثالثاً: المراجع الأجنبية:
Abouserie, R. (1996). Stress, coping strategies and job satisfaction in university academic staff. Educational Psychology, 16, 49–56. https://doi.org/10.1080/0144341960160104.
Abu Eita S. (2005). The Type A Behavior Pattern Among the Hashemite University Students. Educational Science Studies, 32 (2), 403 – 415.
Allen, B. (1990). Personality, social and biological perspectives on personal adjustment. U.S.A: Brooks/Cole Pub Co.
Atkinson, R. L., Atkinson, R. C., Smith, E.E., Bem, D. J., Nolen Hoeksema, S. (1999).  Hilgard's Introduction to Psychology. Arkadaş Publishing.
Batigun, A. & Şahin, N. (2006). Type - A personality and job satisfaction: Two scales for job stress and health psychology research. Turkish Journal of Psychiatry, 17 (1), 1-13 .
Biggs, A., Brough, P., & Drummond, S. (2017). Lazarus and Folkman's psychological stress and coping theory. In C. L. Cooper & J. C. Quick (Eds.), The handbook of stress and health: A guide to research and practice (pp. 351–364). Wiley Blackwell.  https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118993811.ch21
Bluen, S.; Barling, J. & Burns, W. (1990). Predicting sales performance, job satisfaction, and depression by using the achievement strivings and impatience-irritability dimensions of type-A behavior. Journal of Applied Psychology, 75 (2),             212-216.
Bradley, J., & Eachus, P. (1995). Occupational stress within a U.K. Higher Education Institution. International Journal of Stress Management, 2(3):145-158. DOI:10.1007/BF01740300.
Briks, Y. & Roger, D. (2000). Identifying Components of Type-A Behavior: "Toxic" and "Non-Toxic" Achieving. Personality & Individual Differences, 28, 1093-1105.
Burns, W. & Bluen, S.D. (1992). Assessing a multidimensional Type A behavior scale. Personality and Individual Differences, 13, 977-986 .
Chao, R. (2012). Managing perceived stress among college students: The roles of social support and dysfunctional coping. Journal of College Counseling, 15(1), 5- 21.
Compas B.; Jaser S.,; Bettis A.; Watson K.;  Gruhn M. & Dunbar, E . (2017). Coping, emotion regulation, and psychopathology in childhood and adolescence: A meta-analysis and narrative review. Psychol. Bull. Adv. 143, 939–991. 10.1037/bul0000110.
Costa, P. T. Jr., Somerfield, M. R., and McCrae, R. R. (1996). “Personality and coping: A reconceptualization,” in M. Zeidner, and N. S. Endler (eds), Handbook of Coping: Theory, Research, Applications, Oxford: John Wiley & Sons, pp. 44–61.
Costa, P. T., & McCrae, R. R. (1992). The five-factor model of personality and its relevance to personality disorders. Journal of Personality Disorders, 6(4), 343–359.
Darabi, M., Macaskill, A., & Reidy, L. (2017). Stress among UK academics: Identifying who copes best. Journal of further and Higher Education, 41(3), 393-412. https://doi.org/10.1080/0309877X.2015.1117598
Endler, N. & Parker, J. (1990) Multidimensional assessment of coping: A critical evaluation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58(5):844-54. DOI:10.1037//0022-3514.58.5.844.

Edwards, J.; Baglioni, A. & Cooper, C. (1990). Stress, type-A, coping, and psychological and physical symptoms: A multi-sample test of alternative models. Human Relations, 43 (10), 919-956. DOI:10.1177/001872679004301001.

Eysenck, H. (1998). Dimensions of personality. Transaction Publishers, New Brunswick, New Jersey.
Friedman, H. & Booth-Kewely, S. (1987). Personality, Type A behavior, and coronary heart disease: The role of emotional expression. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology,53 (4), 783 – 792.
Friedman, M. (1996) : Type "A" Behavior, its diagnosis and treatment. New York. Plenum.
Fukunishi, I.; Moroji, T. & Okabe, S. (1995). Stress in middle-aged women: Influence of type A behavior and narcissism. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 63, 159-164.
Goldberg, L.R. (1992) The Development of Markers for the Big-Five Factor Structure. Psychological Assessment, 4, 26-42.
Gomez, R. (1997). Locus of control and type A behavior pattern as predictors of coping styles among adolescents. Personality & Individual Differences, 23 (3), 391 – 398.
Gray, A.; Jackson, D. & Howard, J. (1989). Validation of the Survey of Work Styles: A profiles measure of the Type A Behavior pattern. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 42(3), 209-216.
Greenglass, E. R., & Burke, R. J. (1991). The relationship between stress and coping among Type As. Journal of Social Behavior & Personality, 6 (7), 361–373.
Guo, J.; Feng, X.; Wang, X.;vanIJzendoorn, M.(2020). Coping with COVID-19: Exposure to COVID-19 and negative impact on livelihood predict elevated mental health problems in Chinese adults. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 17, 1 – 18.                                    
Ilias, M.; Naseem,S. & Bibi, A. (2019). Role of stress prone Type a personality and anxiety among heart patients. Journal of Psychiatry & Behavioral Science, 2 (1), 1-7.
Jabari, K. & Sheykhjan, T. (2015). Stress among academic staff and students’ satisfaction of their performances in Payame Noor University of Miandoab. The International Journal of Indian Psychology, 2 (4), 67-72.
Jamal, M. & Baba, V. (2014). Type-A behavior, job performance, and well-being in college teachers. International Journal of Stress Management, 8(3):231-240·
Jreige, T. (2011, Oct. 31st-Nov. 2nd). Stress and coping strategies of faculty members. Higher Education International Conference, 501-513.
Kinman, G. and Court, S. (2010). Psychosocial hazards in UK universities: Adopting a risk assessment approach. Higher Education Quarterly, 64(4), 413-428.
 
Kirkaldy,B.; Shophard, R. & Furnham, A. (2002). The influence of type "A" behavior and locus of control upon job satisfaction and occupation Health. Journal of Personality and Individual Differences, 33 (8), 1361- 1371.
Krageloh, C. (2012). How religious coping is used relative to other coping strategies depends on the individual level of religiosity and spirituality. Journal of Religion & Health, 51(4), 1137 - 1151. DOI: 10.1007/s10943-010-9416-x.
Lazarus, R. (2000). Toward better research on stress and coping. American Psychologist, 55 (6), 665-673.
Lazarus, R. (1993). Coping theory and research: Past, present, and future. Psychosomatic Medicine, 55, 234-247.
Le, j. (2014). The role of type a behavior pattern on the stressor-strain relationship in nurses. Master Thesis, San Jose State University.
 Lee, C.; Ashford, S. & Jamieson, L. (1993). The effects of type A behavior dimensions and optimism on coping strategy, health, and performance. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 14 ( 2 ), 143 -157
Mapfumo, J. S., Chitsiko, N., & Chireshe, R. (2012). Teaching practice generated stressors and coping mechanisms among student teachers in Zimbabwe. South African Journal of Education, 32(2), 155-166.
Mark, G., & Smith, A. P. (2018). A Qualitative Study of Stress in University Staff. Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal, 5(2), 238- 247.DoI:10.14738/assrj.52.4195.
Moos, R. & Holahan, C. (2003). Dispositional and contextual perspectives on coping: Toward an integrative framework. Journal of Clinical Psychology. 2003; 59:1387–1403.
NovoPsych (2020). Brief-COPE. Retrieved from https://novopsych.com.au/ assessments/brief-cope/ (accessed June 1, 2020).
Pabiton, C. (2007). Problems and coping strategies of university students: Implication for counseling centers. Philippine Journal of Counselling Centers, 6, 78-95.
Pierce, G.R., Sarason, I. G. & Sarason, B. R. (1996). Coping and social support. Psychology, 28(7), 823-835. doi: 10.1080/01443410802366298.
Quraishi, U; Aziz, F. & Siddiquah, A. (2018). Stress and coping strategies of university teachers in Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Education 35(2):193-206. DOI:10.30971/pje.v35i2.550.
Rodriguez-Sutil, C.; Corbacho, P.; Arias, M. & Alvarez. M. (1998)."Type A behavior with Ercta scale in normal subjects and coronary patients". Psychology in Spain,2(1), 43-47.
Rosenman, R. (1990). Type A behavior pattern.: A personal overview. Journal of Social Behavior, 5, 1-24.
Saadu, U. & Adesokan, A. (2013). Personality Types and Coping Strategies as Correlates of Students’ Academic Achievement. Journal of Educational and Social Research, 3 (5), 17 – 24.
Schultz, D. P. & Schultz, S. E. (2002). A History of Modern Psychology (2nd Ed.) İstanbul: Kaknus Publishing.
Schwarzer R. (2001). Stress, resources, and proactive coping. Appl. Psychol. Int. Rev. 50, 400–407. 10.1111/1464-0597.00063.
Shedler, J., & Westen, D. (2004). Dimensions of personality pathology: An alternative to the five-factor model. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 161, 1743–1754.
Shen, P. & Slater, P. (2020). The effect of occupational stress and coping strategies on mental health and emotional well-being among university academic staff during the COVID-19 outbreak. International Education Studies,14(3), 82-95.
Singh, H.; Singh, S. & Singh, M. ( 2017). Type a behavior pattern is associated with higher levels of physical activity among male young adults: An ex post facto analysis. European Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science, 3 (8), 203-211.
Suls, J., David, J. P. & Harvey, J. H. (1996). Personality and coping: Three generations of research. Journal of Personality,64,                  711 -735.
Sumi, K. & Kanda, K. (2001). Type A behavior, social support, and sex in Japanese college students. Psychological Reports, 88, 797-798.
Terry, D. (1994). Determinants of coping: The role of stable and situational factors. Journal of personality and social psychology.66(5),895-910.
 
Timmins, F., Corroon, A. M., Byrne, G., & Mooney, B. (2011). The challenge of contemporary nurse education programs. Perceived stressors of nursing students: mental health and related lifestyle issues. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 18(9), 758-766.
Tytherleigh, M.Y., Webb. C., Cooper, C.L. & Ricketts, C. (2005). Occupational stress in UK. Higher Education.
Vollrath, M., and Torgersen, S. (2000). Personality types and coping. Pers. Individ. Differ. 29, 367–378.
Wilkinson, J., & Joseph, S. (1995). Burnout in university teaching staff. The Occupational Psychologist, 27, 4–7.
Williams, G., Thomas, K & Smith, A. (2017). Stress and well-being of university staff: An investigation using the Demands-Resources- Individual Effects (DRIVE) model and Well-Being Process Questionnaire (WPQ). Psychology, 8, 1919-1940.
Wolniak, R. & Szromek, A. (2020). The analysis of stress and negative effects connected with scientific work among Polish researchers. Sustainability, 12(12), 5117, DOI:10.3390/su12125117.
Xia, M.; Duan, C. (2020). Stress Coping of Chinese International Students in Face of COVID 19 Pandemic: Cultural Characteristics. Int. Journal of Ment. Health Promotion, 22, 159–172.
Yaribeygi, H., Panahi, Y., Sahraei, H., Johnston, T. P., and Sahebkar, A. (2017). The impact of stress on body function: a review. EXCLI J. 16, 1057–1072.
Yusuf, M.; Oluwole, A. & Tayo, A. (2018). Stress coping strategies used by the management staff of colleges of education in Nigeria. International Journal of Educational Administration and policy Studies. 10 (10), 123-127. DOI: 10.5897/IJEAPS2014.0348.
 

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics