Existential intelligence and its relationship to self-awareness and the meaning of life for university students

Document Type : Original Article

Author

Department of Psychology, Faculty of Human Studies for Girls, Cairo Branch, Al-Azhar University

Abstract

The study aims to the level of existential intelligence among university students, as well as the relationship between existential intelligence and self-awareness and the meaning of life. It was also aimed at identifying differences in existential intelligence in different variables (type, educational level and specialization) among university students. The study sample consisted of (500) students in the first and fourth grades from practical and theoretical colleges, with (250) males and (250) females. In order to achieve the objectives of the research, the researcher used measures (existential intelligence, self-awareness and the meaning of life) prepared by the researcher. The research results showed that the university students enjoy average level of intelligence and accuracy. The results also indicated that there is a link between the existence of consciousness and quality of life, and the meaning of the results Statistical significance among university students in existential intelligence is due to variables (type, level of education and specialization) and the global analysis also resulted in two factors combining the search variables.
 

Highlights

 

 

Keywords


 

 
Abul-Huda, I. M., (2011). A psychometric clinical study of future anxiety and its relationship to the meaning of life and the direction of control among a sample of visually impaired and sighted persons. Journal of the College of Education, Ain Shams University (35), Part Three, 789-820.
Abu Jadu, S. M., (2004). Developmental Psychology (Childhood and Stress). Amman Dar Al-Masira for Publishing and Distribution.
Abu-Ghazaleh, S. A., (2007) The Effectiveness of Guidance with Meaning in Alleviating the Identity Crisis and Improving the Positive Meaning of Life for University Students. The Fourteenth Annual Conference of the Psychological Counseling Center, Ain Shams University, (8/9) December 157-202.
Abu Hisham, E., & Abdel-Qader, F., (2007). The factorial construction of intelligence in the light of Gardner's classification and a relationship to self-efficacy, problem solving and academic achievement among university students. Journal of the Faculty of Education in Zagazig, 55 (1), 171-242.
Al-Abyad, M. H., (2010) A measure of the meaning of life for young people. Journal of the College of Education, Department of Mental Health, Ain Shams University, (34), Part Three, 799-820.
Ahmed, Z., (2020). The meaning of life as an indicator of mental health for a sample of university youth. Journal of the Researcher in Humanities and Social Sciences, Algeria, 12(2), 585-598.
 
 
Ismail, H. M., & Hussein, A. F., (2015). The Little Leader: His Multiple Talents and Intelligence. Theory and application. Arab Group for Training and Publishing. Available at https://books.google.com.eg/books
Al-Aqra', E. M., (2021). The role of the meaning of life as a mediating factor between religiosity and life satisfaction among university students in the State of Kuwait. Journal of Educational and Psychological Studies, Sultan Qaboos University, 15, 18-183.
Adler, A., (2005). The meaning of life . Translated by Adel Najib Bushra. Cairo, Supreme Council of Culture.
Al-Bukhari, A. Y., (2010). The effect of a counseling program in modifying the self-concept of students of the College of Education, Journal of the College of Islamic Education, College of Education, University of Mosul, 11, (12), 37-61.
Al-Bahas, S. A., (2009). Mental health and quality of life. The Egyptian Renaissance Library, Cairo.
Al-Bayoumi, S. R., (2020). Self-awareness and anxiety among a sample of students of the Department of Psychology at Taif University. Journal of the College of Arts, Taif University, (66), 266-286.
Al-Jaafari, M. A., & Al-Taher, H. A., (2020). The role of self-awareness in the effectiveness of the behavior of the administrative leader: A case study of the University of Khartoum. The Arab Journal of Educational and Psychological Sciences, The Arab Foundation for Education, Science and Arts, 4, (13), 297-277.
Goleman, D., (2000): Emotional Intelligence, translated by Laila Al-Jabali, revised by Muhammad Yunus, The World of Knowledge Series, No. 262, Kuwait: Issued by the National Council for Culture, Arts and Literature.
Goleman, D., (2004). The Intelligence of Feelings. The Family Library, translated by Hisham El Hanawy. Dar Hala for publishing and distribution.
Hassan, A. H., (2013). Emotional intelligence and its relationship to methods of dealing with stress, Amman, Dar Safaa for Publishing and Distribution.
El- Hela, M., (2001). Teaching methods and strategies. Amman: Dar Al Arabi for Publishing and Distribution.
Al- Khafaf, I., (2011). Multiple Intelligences: An Applied Program. Amman: Dar Al-Mahraj for Publishing and Distribution.
Al-Zubaidi, K. O., (2005). Studies between mental health, College of Arts, University of Baghdad.
El-Zayyat, F., (2001) The global structure of academic self-efficacy and its determinants. Cognitive Psychology Series, Models and Theories, Sixth Annual Conference, Quality of Life, 6 c (2), Cairo, Universities Publishing House.
Saafan, M., (2004). The Guiding Process, Cairo: Dar Al-Kitab Al-Hadith.
Saeed, S. J., (2008) Psychology of thinking and self-awareness. Amman, Jordan, the modern world of books, for publication and distribution.
Simrin, Kh. Y., (2016). On managing people. Obeikan Publishing and Distribution, Riyadh.
Seif, Y., (2001). emotional smartness. Library of Alexandria
Al-Obaidi, A. Kh., (2016). Existential intelligence among Baghdad University students in the light of some variables. Generation Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Baghdad, Iraq, (16), 153-163.
Abdullah, A. A., (2015). Patterns of multiple intelligences and their relationship to psychological happiness and self-esteem among students of the Faculty of Education - Ain Shams University "a predictive study". Psychological Counseling Journal, Psychological Counseling Center, (44), 364-342
Adass, M., (1997). Intelligence from a new perspective. Amman: Arab Thought House for Publishing and Distribution.
Afifi, A. F., (2019). Tolerance and its relationship to self and psychological security among university students. Educational and psychological studies, Journal of the Faculty of Education in Zagazig, 105, (1), 163-213.
Aliwa, H. R., & Abdellah, S. M., (2019). The relationship between existential intelligence and the five major factors of personality among students of the Faculty of Education, Sohag University in the light of the variables of gender and academic specialization. The Scientific Journal of the Faculty of Education, Assiut University, 35, (2), 1: 34.
Gabriel, T. M., & Eid, M. I., & Eid, S. M., (2017) Psychometric Characteristics of the Existential Void Scale among University Youth, Psychological Counseling Journal, Psychological Counseling Center, Ain Shams University, (50), vol. 1,87.513-4
Freihat, D. A., (2015). Existential intelligence among Yarmouk University students in light of some variables. Master's thesis, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan.
Qousha, R., (2003). A study of the differences in multiple intelligences among students of some theoretical and practical colleges. PhD Thesis, Institute of Educational Studies and Research, Cairo University.
Al-Maliki, L. H., (2017). Existential intelligence and its relationship to thinking styles among middle school students, a master's thesis, University of Basra - College of Education for Human Sciences - Department of Educational and Psychological Sciences.
Mallhy, R. S., & Renzer, R. W., (2005). Boosting Self-Esteem: Rebuilding and Reorganizing Yourself in the New Millennium. Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Jarir Bookstore.
Mahmoud, H. H., (2007). Social support as perceived by the blind and sighted students of Alexandria University and its impact on their self-awareness. The Egyptian Journal of Psychological Studies, 17 (55), 311-366.
Mahmoud, A., & Mahrema, L., (2012). The level of multiple intelligences of special education teachers in Jordan. Specialized International Educational Journal, 10, (1), 727-741.
Mukhaimer, S. K., (2015). Multiple intelligences and their relationship to some academic variables among university students in Gaza. Hebron University Journal of Research, 10(1), 125-152.
Mosbah, A., (2006). Genius, Intelligence and Creativity. Cairo, Lebanese Egyptian House.
Al-Mutawa, N., & Abu Obeid, A., (2010). Differences of multiple intelligence among second-year students studying in community colleges in the governorates of Al-Quway`iyah and Al-Dawadmi in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Journal of Psychological and Educational Studies. 5.257 - 282 (1).
Heeba, H. I; Adwa, T. R., & Ghoneim, M. M., (2017) A program for positive psychological treatment to develop a sense of meaning of life for a sample of adolescents with visual disabilities, Psychological Counseling Journal, (50), part 1,. 653 – 599
Youssef, D., (2008) The meaning of life and its relationship to the motivation of academic achievement and satisfaction with study among university students, (Master’s thesis), Faculty of Education, Zagazig University, Arab Republic of Egypt.
 
 
 
المراجع الأجنبية:
Addad. E.M & Himi, H (2015). Logotherapy – Theoretical Aspects and Field Studies in Israel International  of Humanities and Social Science.  4(1);.P 85-9
Allan, Blake:& Shearer, C. (2012). The Scale for Existential Thinking. International Journal of Transpersonal Studies, 31(1), 1.21
Al-Salameh, E. (2012). Multiple intelligences of the high primary stage students. International Journal of Psychological Studies, 4(1), 196-204. DOI: 10.5539//ijps.v4n1p196
Armstrong, T. (2009). Multiple intelligences in the classroom. Alexandria ASCD.
Babacan, Tugba & Dilci. , Tuncay «(2012). Adaptation of multiple Intelligence Survey In to Turkish. Journal of New World Sciences Academy (NWSA), 7(4), 969-982.
Bano, A. (2014). Impact of meaning in life on psychological well-being and stress mong university students. Exisenzanalyse, GLE- International/Wien, P21-25
Bronk. W. Finch. H & Talib. T (2010). Purpose in life among high ability adolescents Kendall Cotton, High Ability Studies (21)2, December, 133–145.
Chen, J. (2004). The theory of multiple intelligences: Is it a scientific theory? Teachers College Record, 106(1), 17-23.
Emmiyati, N; Rasyid, M .Amin; Rahman, M. A.; Arsyad, A. & Dirawan G.D.(2014). Multiple Intelligences Profiles of Junior Secondary School Students  inIndonesia,  International Education Studies, 7 (11) 103-110
  Fung, C. (2011) . Exploring individual self-awareness as it relates to self-acceptance and the quality of interpersonal relationships. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Pepperdine University, USA     
Fasko, D. (2001). "An analysis of multiple intelligences theory and use with the gifted and talented". Report Review, 23 (3), 126, 130.
Frankl, V. E. (2003). Man's Search for Meaning. Xinhua Publishing House. Gardner, H. (1998). A Multiplicity of Intelligences. Scientific American Presents: Exploring Intelligence, 9(4), 18-23.
Gardener, H.(2006) .Multiple intelligences: New horizons in theory and practice. New York: Basic.
Gardner, H. (2000). Intelligence reframed: Multiple Intelligences for the 21 st Century. 3rd Edition, New York: U.S.A..
Gary T. Beker, Edward J. Peacock, Paul T. P. Wong (2004). Meaning and purpose in life and well- being: a life – span perspective .Journal of Gerontology, (42), (1) 44 -49.
Hippe ,J(2004). Self- awareness: a precursor to resilience .Reclaiming children and youth, , 2(4),240-242.
Holly, Conti (2014). Multiple intelligences- research starters education International Journal of Education and Resiarch«5 (1), 42-49
Jim, H.S (2004). Meaning in life mediates the relationships between physical and social functioning and distress in cancer survivors. Unpublished dissertation (ph. .D). The Ohio State University.
Jordan, T (2001) Self-awareness, meta -awareness and the witness self,  unpublished paper, available at http://www.perspectus.se/tjordan
Khataybeh, A & Al-Sheikh, K.(2011). Multiple Intelligences of Students at Jordanian Universities. Journal of International Education Research, 7(4), 83-94.
King, L., Hicks, J., Krull, J. & Delgado, A. (2006). Positive affect and the experience of meaning in life, Journal of personality and social psychology, 90 (1): 179-196.
Korff, S. (2006). Religious orientation as a predictor of life satisfaction within the elderly population, (PHD thesis), Walden university, school of psychology. USA.
Mahasneh, A. (2013). The relationship between multiple intelligence and self_efficacy among sample of Hashemite university students. Internationai Journal of Education and Resiarch«5 (1)-1_12.
Massalski, C. (2010). Cognitive Development and Creativity in a Navajo University Student: An Explorative Case Study Using Multiple Intelligence Perspective. PhD. Dissertation, The University of Arizona.
Matthew, R.( 2010). "Encounters with Existential Intelligence: Possibilities for Today’s Effective Educator." The International Journal of Interdisciplinary Social Sciences: Annual Review 5 (7): 241-254.
Mauer, M., King, R. & Young, M. (2004). The Meaning of Life: Long Prison Sentences in Context. The Sentencing Project, Washington.
McCoog, lan J. (2010). The Existential Learner. Clearing House: A Journal of Educational Strategies .Issues and Ideas, 83 (4 )126-128.
Moheb, N :&Begheri, Mohammad. (2013). Relationship between multiple intelligences and writing strategies. Journal of Language and Research, 4(4), 777-784
Morin, A. (2011). Self-Awareness Part 1: Definition, Measures, Effects Functions, and Antecedents. Social and Personality Psychology Compass 5)10(807–823, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-9004.2011.00387.
Tek, O & Peng, Y)2006).The Theory of Multiple Intelligences and Its Applications   in Science Classroom http://www.recsam edu.my/html/onlineJ.html.
Posner, M. (2004): Neural system and individual differences. Teachers College Record, 106(1), 24-30
Roberts, M. (2010). Encounters with existential intelligence: possibilities for today's effective educator. The International Journal of  Interdisciplinary Social Sciences, 5(7), 241-245.
Claypool, T. (2010). On becoming an existential psychologist: The  journeys of contemporary leaders. University of Rockies School of Professional Psychology.
Roper, B. & Davis, D. (2000): Haward Gardner: Knowledge, learning, and development in drama and arts education Research in Drama Education, 5(2),217-230.
Sarita ,F.(2010) Developing college skills in students with autism and asperegers syndrome . London, London :
Shearer, B. (2005). Development and validation of a scale for existential thinking, Unpublished paper, presented at the annual meeting of the esearch.Association, Multiple Intelligence SIG: Montreal.
Stanford, P. (2003). Multiple intelligence for every classroom. Intervention in School and Clinic, 39(1), 80-58.
Steger, M. F., Frazier, P., Oishi, S., & Kaler, M. (2006). The meaning in life questionnaire: Assessing the presence of and search for meaning in life.Journal of Counseling Psychology, 53(1), 80-93
Tas, I; Iskender , M (2018). An Examination of Meaning in Life, Satisfaction with Life, Self-Concept and Locus of Control among Teachers, Journal of Education and Training Studies .6,. 1; p. 21-31
Togre, Rabindranth, The Ninth Intelligence – Existential or Cosmic Smarts, 2014,the second principle.
Tupper, W. (2002): Entheogens and existential intelligence: The use of plant teachers as cognitive tools. Canadian Journal of Education, 27 (4) 499-516.