Academic Grit and its relationship to the need for Cognation and research anxiety among researchers at Al-Azhar University in light of some demographic variables

Document Type : Original Article

Author

Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanitites, Al-Azhar University Cairo, Egypt.

Abstract

     The aim of the current research is to identify the relationship between academic Grit and (the need for Cognation and research anxiety and the possibility of predicting academic determination through the need for knowledge and research anxiety and to reveal differences in academic determination according to gender (male - female) and type of specialization (scientific colleges - theoretical colleges) The research stage (Master’s - Doctorate - Promotional Research) was conducted by the researchers. (320) researchers participated in the research during the academic year (2023/2024 AD), and the research tools consisted of the academic Grit scale (prepared by the researcher), and the need for Cognation scale (prepared by, Sayed et al., 2019), and the Research Anxiety Scale (prepared by the researcher). The results resulted in a statistically significant relationship between (academic Grit - the need for Cognation and research anxiety). The possibility of predicting academic Grit through (the need for Cognation - research anxiety), and the presence of statistically significant differences in academic Grit and its dimensions according to gender (male - Female) in favor of females and the type of specialization (scientific colleges - theoretical colleges) in favor of theoretical colleges, and there are no statistically significant differences in academic Grit and its dimensions according to the research stage (Master's - Doctorate - promotional research). The research results were discussed, and some recommendations and proposed research were presented.                                                                 

Keywords


Jaradat, Abdel Karim and Al-Ali, Nasr (2010). Need for cognition and sense of self among university students: An exploratory study. Jordanian Journal of Educational Sciences, 6(4), 319-331.
Jaradat, Abdul Karim Muhammad (2015). Epistemological beliefs in light of the need for knowledge and gender among a sample of secondary school students in Ajloun Governorate, Jordanian Journal of Educational Sciences, No. 11, Part 4, 497-509.
Jaljal, Nasra Muhammad Abdel Hamid, Al-Sabbagh, Sarah Sharif, Al-Najjar, Hosni Zakaria Al-Sayed. (2021). Academic integration and its relationship to the need for knowledge among graduate students at the College of Education. College of Education Journal, No. 103, 157-178.
Jaljal, Nasra Muhammad Abdel Hamid, Hindawi, Ihsan Nasr. (2023). Self-vitality and its relationship to academic determination and research self-efficacy among postgraduate students at the Faculty of Education, Kafr El-Sheikh University. Educational Journal, vol. 110, 443-493.
Hassan, Amani Abdel Tawab Saleh (2018). The predictive ability of psychological flexibility and the level of ambition for academic perseverance among female secondary school students. Practical Journal of the Faculty of Education, Assiut University, vol. 24, no. 6, 338-388.
Helmy, Omnia Hassan Muhammad Helmy.(2022). Variation of self-regulated learning strategies and academic achievement with variation in academic determination and action control (movement/stillness orientation) among university students. College of Education Journal, Part 1, October.
Hamad, Amal Muhammad (2021). Perseverance and its relationship to future anxiety among a sample of adolescents suffering from acute leukemia. Journal of Childhood Studies, vol. 24, no. 90, 79-90.
Hammoud, Latifa Khalaf, Rashwan, Rabie Abdo (2016). The need for knowledge and achievement goal orientations among female students at Qassim University, Master’s thesis, College of Soil, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia.
Al-Hamouri, Firas and Mokh, Ahmed (2011). The level of need for knowledge and metacognitive thinking among master’s students at Yarmouk University. An-Najah University Journal of Human Sciences Research, 25(6), 1464-1488.
Zaki, Hanaa Muhammad (2021). The mediating role of attention control in the effect of academic determination on engagement in e-learning and academic achievement among university students. Educational Journal, vol. 92, 1497-1591.
Zewail, Muhammad Jamal al-Din Zewail. (2023). The relative contribution of determination and emotional intelligence in predicting academic integration among foreign students at Al-Azhar University. Egyptian Journal of Psychological Studies, No. 120, Part 1, Volume (33).
Saeed, Bakr Muhammad, (2016). The effectiveness of mobile learning using short text messages (SMS) and multimedia messages (MMS) in developing the need for knowledge and the power of cognitive control among graduate students. Kuwaiti Journal of Educational Sciences, 2(4), 77-154.
Sayed, Souad Kamel Qarni (2020). The effectiveness of brief, solution-centered guidance in improving self-efficacy and its impact on reducing research anxiety for special diploma students. Journal of Scientific Research in Education, No. 21, Part 11, 285-327.
Siddiq, Siartmar (2021). The extent of the need for practical knowledge among students at the University of Duhok and its relationship to some variables from their point of view. Journal of Human Sciences of Zakho University, 9(2). 277-293.
Asiri, Amjad Musa Hassan, Al-Abdali, Khadija Mubarak, and Hamad, Irada Omar Hamad. (2022). The need to acquire knowledge and its relationship to psychological flow among postgraduate students at King Abdulaziz University, Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences.
Al-Osaimi, Abdullah Suleiman, and Al-Hamidi, Hassan Abdullah. (2022). Academic advancement and its relationship to academic determination, adaptability, and future time perspective for tenth grade students in Kuwait. Annals of Arts and Social Sciences, Yearbook 43, Letter 603, 9-112.
Atta, Osama Ahmed. (2024). The effectiveness of a training program based on growth mindset concepts in developing academic determination among university students at risk of academic risk. Journal of Educational Sciences, vol. 7, no. 1, 380-441.
Farhat, Ramadan Al-Sayed (2023). Intellectual humility as a predictor of research self-efficacy and the trend toward artificial intelligence applications among researchers at Al-Azhar University. Egyptian Journal of Psychological Studies, No. (123), Part 2 (34), 297-390.
Al-Qahtani, Abdullah bin Saleh (2015). Thinking Skills, Dammam, Al-Mutabath Library.
Muhammad, Musaad Abdel Azim (2014). Cognitive beliefs, the need to think, and the state of return to learning among educational diploma students in light of some variables. Aswan College of Education Journal, 29, 389-475.
Marzouk, Issam Ali Al-Tayeb, Sayed, Muhammad Ibrahim Qenawi, and Abdel Samie, Muhammad Abdel Hadi. (2019). Psychometric properties of the need for knowledge scale among university students. Journal of Educational Sciences, No. 40, 224-252.
Al-Najjar, Hosni Zakaria Al-Sayed (2019). Mental alertness and its relationship to the need for knowledge and academic integration among postgraduate students at the College of Education, Journal of the College of Education, Journal of Education, vol. 30, pp. 120, 90-155.
Nashwati, Abdel Majeed (2003). Educational Psychology (4th edition). Amman: Al-Furqan Publishing House
ثالثاً: المراجع الأجنبية:
Akpur, U. (2017). The Predictive Degree of  University Students Levels of Metacognition and Need for Cognation on Their Academic Achievement. European Journal of Forign Language Teaching, 2(2), 52-63.
Anderson, C., Turner, A., Heath, R. & Payne, C. (2016). On the Meaning of Grit and Hope and Fate Control and Alienation and Locus of Control and Self Efficacy and Effort Optimism.The Urban Review, 48(2), 198-219.
Ashrafi-rizi, H., Zarmehr, F., Bahrami, S. , Ghazavi-Khorasgani, Z., Kazempour, Z., and Shahrzadi, L. (2014). Study on research anxiety among faculty members of Isfahan University of medical sciences. Mater Sociomed , 26 (6), 356 – 359. DOI:10.5455/msm.2014.26.356-359.
Brown,M.(2005). Need for Cognition Scale(NCS), printer friendly Version. Center of Inquiry in The Liberal Arts At Wahush collage. MA, University of Michigan and Jill cellars Rogers.
Buzzetto-Hollywood, N., Mitchell, B. , & Hill, A. (2019). Introducing a mindset intervention to improve student success. Interdisciplinary Journal of E-Learning & Learning Objects, 15(1), 135-155.
Ceschi, A., Sartori, R., Dickert, S., and Constantini, A. (2016). Grit or honestyhumility? New insights into the moderating role of personality between the health impairment process and counterproductive work behaviour. Frontiers in Psychology, 7, Article 1799.
Clark, K. N.,& Malecki, C. K.(2019). Academic Grit Scale: Psychometric Properties and associations With achievement and life satisfaction. Journal of School Psychology, 72,49-66.
Coutinho, S. (2006). The relationship between the need for cognition. Metacognition. And intellectual task performance. Educational Research and Reviews. 1(5), 162-164
Datu, J. (2021). Beyond Passion and Perseverance: Review and Future Research Initiatives on the Science of Grit. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 1-17.
Datu, J., Valdez, J& King, R.(2016). Perseverance counts but consistency does not, Validating the Short Grit Scale in a collectivitrs setting. Current Psychology, 35, 121-130.
Datu, J., Yuen, M., & Chen, G. (2017). Development and validation of the triarchic model of grit scale (TMGS): Evidence from Filipino undergraduate students. Personality and Individual Differences, 114, 198- 205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2017.04.012 .
Dewaele, J., & Changchen, Li.,(2021). How Classroom Environment and General Grit Predict Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety of Chinese EFL Students.http:// orcid.org/0000-0001-8480-0977.
Duckworth, A. & Quinn, p. (2009). Development and validation of the Short Grit Scale (GRIT-S). Journal of personality assessment, 91(2), 166-174.
Duckworth, A. L., & Yeager, D. S. (2015). Measurement matters: Assessing personal qualities other than cognitive ability for educational purposes. Educational Researcher, 44(4), 237–251.
Duckworth, A.L.,Peterson, C., Matthews, M. D., & Kelly, D.R.(2007). Grit:perseverance and passion for long-term goals. Journal of personality and social psychology, 92(6), 1087.
Golshan, N & Cupitt ,C(2015). Participation in higher education online: Demographics, motivators, and grit, STARS Conference,1-4.
Grawitch, M., Maloney, P., Barber, L., & Mooshegian, S. (2013). Examining the nomological network of satisfaction with work–life balance. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 18(3), 276-284.
Hawley,N., Myers, M., Pizer, J., Harrell, M., Hill, B.,(2021). A-175Personlity as a aProxy for Positive Effort: The Role of Grit, Need for Cognition, and Extraversion in Problem- Solving. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 36(1230).
Hernandez, E.H., Moreno-  Murcia . J. A., Cid, L., Monteiro, D. & Rodrigues, F. (2020). Passion or Perseverance? The effect of Perceived autonomy support and grit on academic Performance in college Students. International. Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(6).3142-2155.
Higgins, C. & Kotrlik, J. (2006). Factors associated with research anxiety of university human resource education faculty. Career and Technical Education Research, 31 (3), 175- 199.
Hodge, B, Wright, B , Bennett, P. (2018).The Role of Grit in Determining Engagement and Academic Outcomes for University Students. Journal of the Association for institutional Research, ISSN 0361-0365.
Kannangara, C. S., Allen, R. E., Waugh, G., Nahar, N., Khan, S. Z. N., Rogerson, S., & Carson, J. (2018). All that glitters is not grit: Three studies of grit in university students. Frontiers in psychology, 9, 1539.
Kim, K T. (2020). A Structural Relationship among Growth Mindset, Academic Grit, and Academic Burnout as Perceived by Korean High School Students. Universal Journal of Educational Reasearch, 8(9), 4009-4018.
Kumari, S., Tiwari, M., & Hossain, I. (2022). Exploring the positive aspect of: Focusing on its correlates. Journal of Positive School Psychology, 6(2), 3749-3759
Loftus, T. J., Filiberto, A. C., Rosenthal, M. D., Arnaoutakis, G. J., Sarosi, G. A., Dimick, J. B., & Upchurch, G. R. (2020). Performance advantages  for grit and optimism. The American Journal of Surgery, 220(1), 10-18.
Lukman, F., Ayodeji, A., Darma, K. & Muritalz, A. (2020). Causes of academic anxiety among secondary school students in Kwara State, Nigeria. Academic Leadership, 21(6), 121-126.       
Mamah, I., Ezeudu, F., Eze, J., Nnadi, U., Ezugwu, I., & Ugwuanyi, C. (2022). Girt as a Predictor of secondary school students science academic achievement in enugu state, Nigeria: Implication For educational foundations. Webology (ISSN:1735-188X),19(3),3327-3339.                                                                               
Martin, A. J., & Marsh, H. W. (2008). Academic buoyancy: Towards an Understanding of Students' Everyday Academic Resilience. Journal of school psychology, 46(1), 53-83.
Merç, A. (2016). Research anxiety among Turkish graduate ELT students. Current Issues  In Education, 19(1), Retrieved from //cie.asu.edu/ojs/index.php/cieatasu/article/view/1539.
Musumari, PM., Tangmunkongvorakul ,A., Srithanaviboonchai, K., Teachasrivichien, T., Suguimoto Sp, Ono- Kihara, M.,et al(2018) Grit is associated with lower level of depression and anxity among university students in Chiang Mai, Thailand: A cross- sectional. PloS ONE 13 (12): e0209121. http//doi. Org/ 10.1371/journal. Pone. 0209121.
Neigel, A: Behiry, S. & Szalma, J. (2017). Need For Cognition and Motivation Differentially Contribut to Student Performance. Journal of Cognitive Education and Psychology, 16(2),144-156.
Nelson, S. & Baltes, B. (2016). For the Culture: Grit, Student Engagement, and Academic Performance at a Historically Black Community College, Journal of Applied Research in the Community College, 26 (1), 89-95.
Özer, E. (2021). The relationship between grit and emotional intelligence in university students. Psycho-Educational Research Reviews, 10(1), 25-33.
Özhan, M. & Boyacı, M. (2018). Grit as a predictor of depression, anxiety and stress among university students: A structural equation modeling. Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry, 19(1), 370-376.
Razavi, S. , Shahrabi, A. and Siamian, H. (2017). The relationship between research anxiety and self-efficacy. Mater Sociomed, 29 (4) ,247–250..
Reed, L., & Jeremiah, J.(2017).Student Grit as An Important Ingredient for Academic and Personal Success. In Developments in Business Simulation and Experiential Learning: Proceedings of the Annual ABSEL conference,(Vol.44,No.1).
Saglam, N. & Tunc, E. (2018). The Relationship between Thinking Styles and the Need for Cognition of Students in the Faculty of Education. International Education Studies, 11 (11), 1-13.
Seligman, M. E. P. (2011). Flourish: A visionary new understanding of happiness and well-being. Free Press.
Shahrouri, E. (2016). Sources of academic anxiety among undergraduate students-contemporary study between private and government universities. Journal of Emerging Studies, 7 (2), 118-124. https://hdl.han Trends in Educational Research and Policy dle.net/10520/EJC190054.
 Shouli, J., Zhong, Y.,(2022). Intrinsic motivation, need for cognition, grit Intrinsic motivation, Need for cognition, Grit, Growth Mindset and Academic Achievement in High School Students: McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States. Email: ntsai@mit.
Singh, K. & Gera, B. (2016). Achievement anxiety among senior secondary school students in relation to emotional self-efficacy and parental involvement. Man In India, 96(5), 1341-1348.
Singh, S. & Chukkali, S. (2021). Development and validation of multi-dimensional scale of grit. Cogent Psychology, 8(1),1-17.
Tuckwiller, B., & Dardick, W. (2018). Mindset, grit, optimism, pessimism and life satisfaction in university students with and without anxiety and/or depression. Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies in Education, 6(2), 32-48.
van Zyl, L. E., Olckers, C., & Roll, L. C. (2020). The Psychometric Properties of the Grit-O Scale Within the Twente Region in Netherlands: An ICM-CFA vs. ESEM Approach. Frontiers in psychology, 11, Article 796.
Woodward, L. (2020). Grit. The Wiley  Encyclopedia of Personality  and Individual Differences: Models and Theories, 231-235.
Zhang, M. X., Mou, N. L., Tong, K. K., & Wu, A. M. S. (2018). Investigation of the Effects of Purpose in Life, Grit, Gratitude, and School Belonging on Mental Distress among Chinese Emerging Adults. International journal of environmental research and public health, 15(10), 2147.