A program based on integrated education to develop the levels and skills of reading comprehension among middle school students

Document Type : Original Article

Author

Associate Professor in Education, specializing in curricula and methods of teaching the Arabic language.

Abstract

The aim of this research is to develop the levels and skills of reading comprehension among middle school students through an integrated education program. The research group consisted of (30) students who were subjected to the program, along with a pre/post-reading comprehension test.
The experimental treatment materials included: a student booklet containing six proposed units and student worksheets formulated in light of the proposed program, and a teacher's guide containing procedural steps for presenting the topics of the student booklet and worksheets. The research tools included: a reading comprehension test, and the experimental design used a single-group pre/post-test design with the reading comprehension test being applied before and after the program.
The research results revealed the following:

There is a statistically significant difference at the 0.01 level between the mean scores of the research group students in the pre- and post-tests of reading comprehension skills in terms of overall grade, in favor of the post-test.
There is a statistically significant difference at the 0.01 level between the mean scores of the research group students in the pre- and post-tests of reading comprehension skills in terms of direct comprehension level, as well as each individual sub-skill, in favor of the post-test.
There is a statistically significant difference at the 0.01 level between the mean scores of the research group students in the pre- and post-tests of reading comprehension skills in terms of inferential comprehension level, as well as each individual sub-skill, in favor of the post-test.
There is a statistically significant difference at the 0.01 level between the mean scores of the research group students in the pre- and post-tests of reading comprehension skills in terms of critical comprehension level, as well as each individual sub-skill, in favor of the post-test.
There is a statistically significant difference at a significance level of 0.01 between the average scores of the students in the pre-dimensional and post-dimensional research groups in the test of reading comprehension skills in terms of creative comprehension level as a total degree and each individual sub-skill, in favor of the post-dimensional application.
The effectiveness of the integrated education program in developing the levels and skills of reading comprehension among preparatory stage students.

Keywords

References

Ibrahim, A. S., Imran, H. O., Hussein, H. M. (2022). A program based on electronic maps and blended learning in teaching grammar to develop creative thinking skills among middle school students. Journal of the Faculty of Education Vol 38, No 10, 1 - 30.
Ibrahim, S. R. (2020). A teaching strategy based on meaning study theories to develop reading comprehension skills among Arabic learners who are not native speakers. Journal of the Faculty of Education in Educational Sciences Vol 44, No 3, 71 - 150.
Abu Al-Rish, I. H., & Zaqout, M. S. (2013). The effectiveness of a program based on programmed instruction in achieving the tenth-grade female students' achievement in grammar and their tendency towards it in Gaza. Master's Thesis, Islamic University (Gaza), Gaza.
Abu Al-Rish, M. A., & Abu Loom, K. M. (2017). The effect of SNIPS and SQ3R strategies on reading comprehension, achievement and vocabulary acquisition among fourth-grade primary school students in Palestine. Studies - Educational Sciences, Jordan, Vol (44), 132-119.
Abu Al-Anin, B. A., Kamil, J. M., Eissawe, S. H., & Ghanem, I. A. (2017). A blended learning program based on life activities to develop achievement in mathematics for middle school students. Journal of Mathematics Education Vol 20, No 8, 225 - 243.
Abu Shahada, K. H., Afifi, Y. A., Al-Moji, A. M., & Ahmed, A. M. (2017). The effectiveness of a proposed program in science based on blended learning in developing inquiry thinking and the tendency towards the subject among upper primary school students in Palestine. Arab Studies in Education and Psychology No 81, 79 - 124.
Abu Naji, M. S., Al-Maliji, H. M., & Abdel-Aal, M. M. (2021). A blended learning-based training program to develop digital educational materials production skills among primary school teachers. The Educational Journal for Adult Education, Vol 3, No 3, 41 - 60.
Ismail, M. I. (2019). The effectiveness of a blended learning program in the engineering drawing course to develop achievement and engineering thinking among industrial secondary school students. Educational Sciences Vol 27, No 4, 2 - 61.
Haddad, E. A. (2021): The effectiveness of an e-learning program in developing some speed reading and reading comprehension skills among advanced level non-native Arabic speakers, A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Education, PhD Dissertation, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Education, PhD Dissertation, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University.
Al-Harbi, K. b. H. (2015). The effectiveness of the divergent thinking strategy in developing reading comprehension skills among Arabic learners who speak other languages. Journal of the Faculty of Education Vol 31, No 4. 195 - 159,
Hesballah, M. A. (2015). The effectiveness of a blended learning program in developing the achievement of sixth-grade elementary school students in mathematics and their motivation towards it. Arab Studies in Education and Psychology, No 68, pp 287- 317.
Hasan, W. S. (2014). The effectiveness of a proposed curriculum based on blended learning in developing citizenship and its orientation among history teacher students. Journal of the Educational Association for Social Studies, No 61, July, pp 11-64.
Hasan, E. A. H. (2013): Correcting the Adjusted Gain Ratio for Black (Adjusted Gain Ratio for Ezzat), Egyptian Journal of Psychological Studies, Vol (23), No (79), pp 21 - 37.
Hasan, E. A. H. (2016): Psychological and Educational Statistics Applications Using SPSS 18, Cairo, Dar Al Fikr Al Arabi.
Al Hasan, H. H. (2010). Methods of teaching children reading and writing, Jordan, Irbid, International Scientific House.
Hussein, A. A. (2021). A proposed program based on blended learning to teach practical skills for music education. Arab Research Journal in Gender Education Fields, No 24 213 - 230.
Hussein, K. H. (2022): A program based on the information preparation theory in developing vocabulary and reading comprehension among sixth-grade middle school students. Program based on the information preparation theory in developing vocabulary and reading comprehension among sixth-grade middle school students.
Khalaf Allah, M. J. (2010): The effectiveness of e-learning and blended learning in developing educational model production skills among students in the Department of Educational Technology. Journal of the Faculty of Education, Beni Suef University, April.
Al-Ruwaithi, I. M. A. (2020). The effect of a proposed blended learning model on developing creativity skills and self-efficacy in educational design among graduate students. The Educational Journal, Vol 79, 1557 - 1626.
Zaier, S. A., & Awaz, E. I. (2011). Arabic language curricula and teaching methods, Dar Misr Murtazi for the Iraqi book.
Al-Zahrani, M. b. G. (2017) The effectiveness of Marzano's learning dimensions model in developing reading comprehension levels among third middle school students. Journal of Islamic University for Educational and Psychological Studies Vol 25, No 3, 46 - 87.
Al-Sahti, M. Z. (2021) The effectiveness of a blended learning-based training program to develop 21st-century teaching skills among social studies teachers. Educational Sciences Vol 29, No 4, 1 - 34.
Al-Suleiti, F. M. (2017) The effect of active learning strategies on developing reading comprehension skills and reading orientation among fourth-grade elementary school students in Jordan. Journal of Educational Sciences, College of Education, King Saud University, Vol (2), No 29 .221-197.
Swaidan, A. A. F., & Al-Rumaih, R. A. (2018). A proposed blended learning-based training program to develop some skills of using learning management systems for general education teachers in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Educational Technology - Studies and Research No 36, 477 - 525.
Saim, S. A. M., & Al-Koumi, I. A. (2020). The effect of using the Reach for the Moon strategy on developing reading comprehension skills among third-grade elementary school students in Gaza. Journal of Islamic University for Educational and Psychological Studies Vol 28, No 7 215 - 249.
Suman, A. I., & Abdel-Haq, Z. (2016). The effect of the metacognitive strategy on improving Arabic reading comprehension skills among tenth-grade elementary school students in Amman City. Journal of Educational and Psychological Sciences, Bahrain, Vol 7, No 4, 229-265.
Tubar, S. M. (2020). The effectiveness of a blended learning-based program in achieving the achievement of the Arabic music theory course for students of the Faculty of Gender Education. Research Journal in Gender Education Fields, Vol 27, 355 - 391.
Abdul-Bari, M. S. (2010). Reading comprehension strategies: theoretical foundations and practical applications. Jordan. Dar Al Masirah for Publishing, Distribution and Printing.
Abd Al-Maqsood, A. D. (2019). Designing a blended learning-based program to equip students of the Faculty of Education at Al-Azhar University with the skills of producing digital educational content. Journal of the Faculty of Education Vol 16, No 86, 115 - 190.
Abdo, A. A., Al-Faqih, M. S., Khattab, W. D., & Darwish, E. H. (2021). The effectiveness of a proposed blended learning-based program to develop creative writing skills among third middle school students. Journal of the Faculty of Education, No 101, 423 - 446.
Al-Ajamy, M. b. S., & Al-Saadiyah, S., bint Masoud bint Salem (2022). The extent of the availability of reading comprehension levels in the assessment activities in the Arabic language book for the fifth grade in the Sultanate of Oman. Journal of Educational and Psychological Sciences, Vol 6, No 17, 61 - 88.
Al-Arini, S. A. R. (2016) The reality of the use of mathematics teachers in the middle stage for blended learning skills. World of Education - Egypt, Vol 17, No (53), 1 -101.
Al-Azzawi, H. A., Farhan, M. A. F. (2017): The effect of the direct reading activity strategy on reading comprehension among fifth-grade elementary school students. Journal of Educational and Psychological Sciences, Vol 133, 90 - 118.
Asr, R. M. (2018). Blended learning: a technological approach to developing internet security usage skills and awareness of the ethics of contemporary technology. Journal of Mathematics Education, Vol 21, No 3, 6 - 39.
Afifi, M. S. (2017) Reading comprehension of scientific texts and its relationship to cognitive independence and anxiety of reading scientific texts among middle school students. Journal of the Faculty of Education in Ismailia, No 39, 147 - 208.
Ali, A. S., Saber, A. M., & Fakhri, A. M. (2021) A blended learning-based program to develop descriptive writing skills in Arabic for middle school students, The International Journal of Curriculum and Technology Education IJCTE, No 3, June, pp 276- 301.
Ali, B. M. (2021) The effectiveness of a blended learning-based training program in developing digital citizenship skills among female kindergarten teachers. Journal of Childhood Research and Studies. Faculty of Early Childhood Education, Beni Suef University, Vol 3, No (5), June, pp 1041 - 994.
Ayyasrah, R. M., & Ashour, R. Q. (2016). The effect of the two methods of temporary and repeated reading on improving the reading comprehension skill among sixth-grade elementary school students in Jordan. Journal of Open Quds University for Educational and Psychological Research and Studies, Palestine, Vol (4), 13-40.
Al-Ghamdi, R. M. (2018). The effect of the difference in the display pattern of visual stimuli in digital stories to develop critical and inferential reading comprehension skills among elementary school girls in the Al-Baha region. The International Journal of Educational and Psychological Sciences - The Arab Organization for Scientific Research and Human Development, Egypt, Vol (11), 218-178.
Al-Ghamari, S. (2020). The role of the mental lexicon in achieving the reading comprehension skill among non-native Arabic learners. Journal of Linguistic Communication, Vol 22, No 1, 151 - 192.
Qasim, R., Diab, A., Shahban, R. R. (2021) Reading comprehension skills included in the Arabic language for the fourth grade in Syria. Journal of Tishreen University for Scientific Research and Studies Series of Humanities and Social Sciences Vol 43, No 4, 537 - 556.
Al-Qahtani, M. J. (2016). The effectiveness of an integrated e-learning program based on Marzano's model in developing picture reading skills and some social skills among high school students in Taif. Journal of Reading and Knowledge, No 171, 199 - 247.
Al-Qarni, A. S. (2018). The effect of using blended learning on developing some creative reading skills among third middle school students. Journal of the Faculty of Education Vol 34, No 9, 111 - 138.
Kabbas, F. A. (2014). Improving the reading routine is a step towards better reading comprehension. Journal of Knowledge. Vol (231), 54 - 057.
Mohammed, K. M., & Khalil, M. M. M. (2019). A proposed program based on the peer learning strategy to develop reading comprehension skills among slow learners in the fifth grade. Educational Sciences, Vol 27, No 4, 198 - 242.
Mohammed, E. A. S. (2016). The effectiveness of blended e-learning in achieving engineering drawing. Journal of the Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams University, Egypt, Vol 49, No 3, 1135 - 1150.
Mahmoud, M. A. A. (2021) Blended learning program based on brain-based learning theory to develop academic writing skills in Arabic for students of the Faculty of Languages and Translation. Journal of the Faculty of Education in Educational Sciences, Vol 5, No 4, 311 - 374.
Al-Makharam, A. K. (2021). The effectiveness of employing blended learning in absorbing educational challenges. Journal of Knowledge, Vol 10, 265 - 277.
Mustafa, E. A. M., Uqayli, M. A., & Othman, O. M. (2019). The effectiveness of a blended learning-based program to develop persuasive writing skills among high school students. The Scientific Journal of the Faculty of Education, No 28, 111 - 171.
Al-Naqa, M. (2017): The contemporary reference in teaching Arabic to non-native speakers, foundations, approaches and teaching methods. Cairo, Dar Al Fikr Al Arabi.
Al-Nashwan, A. M. (2017). The effectiveness of using flipped learning in teaching Arabic on developing reading comprehension skills and the retention of learning outcomes among sixth-grade elementary school students in Riyadh City. Journal of King Khalid University for Educational Sciences Vol (28), 171-194.
Wahhab, I. F. (2020). The effectiveness of a proposed program based on mind maps to develop some reading comprehension and creative thinking skills among sixth-grade elementary school students, Journal of Reading and Knowledge, No 221, 185 - 257.
ثانيًا المراجع الأجنبية:
Akkoyunlu, B., & Soylu, M. Y. (2006). A Study on Students' Views On Blended Learning Environment. Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education. July, Vol. 7, No.3.
Singh, H. (2003). Building effective blended learning programs. Educational Technology, 43(6), 51–54.
Rovai, A., & Jordan, H. (2004). Blended learning and sense of community: A comparative analysis with traditional and fully online graduate courses. The International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning, 5 (2). Retrieved April 3rd, 2013 from: http://www.irrodl.org/index.php/irrodl/article/view/192/274.
DeLacey, J., & Leonard, A. (2002). Case study on technology and distance in education at the Harvard Business School. Educational Technology and Society, 5(2): 13-28.
Alvarez, S. (2005). Blended learning solutions. In B. Hoffman (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Educational Technology, Retrieved October 10, 2005, from http://coe.sdsu.edu/eet/articles/blendedlearning/start.htm, 20/10/2010.
Milheim, W. (2006). Strategies for the Design of Blended Learning Courses. Educational and Delivery Technology,(6-46). http://faculty.ksu.edu.sa/Alhassan/Technology, 5/12/2010.
Oblender, Th. (2002). A Hybrid Course Model: One Solution to the High Online Drop-Out Rate. Learning & Leading with Technology, 29(6), 42-46.
Adams, M. J. (2015). Beginning to Read: Thinking and Learning About Print. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
 Khusniyah, N. L., & Lustyantie, N. (2017). Improving English Reading Comprehension Ability through Survey, Questions, Read, Record, Recite, Review Strategy (SQ4R). Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education, 10 (12), 202-211.
Salters, D. (2008). The effects of Independent reading on the reading comprehension skills of sixth-grade students. University of Phoenix

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics