The Effectiveness Of A Training Program Based On Islamic Rooting To Enhance The Awareness Of Graduates Of Egyptian Universities About Skills Of Dealing With Crises (Economic Crises As A Model)

Document Type : Original Article

Author

Faculty of Education, Al-Azhar University in Cairo.

Abstract

The study aimed to enhance the awareness of graduates of Egyptian universities about skills of dealing with crises, by applying on the economic crisis, by building a proposed training program based on Islamic rooting and showing the extent of its effectiveness in that. The study used the experimental method with the design of one experimental group, with a pre-, post- and follow-up application. The study applied a scale of skills for dealing with economic crises. Its sample consisted of an experimental group of (46) graduates from Egyptian universities who are enrolled in the Educational Qualification Center in Assiut affiliated to the Faculty of Education for Boys in Cairo. The results indicated that there was a low level of awareness of the skills of dealing with crises among graduates of Egyptian universities before applying the program. While it indicated that, there was a high level of awareness of the skills of dealing with economic crises after implementing the program. The study also found that there were no statistically significant differences between the post and follow-up applications in the level of awareness of Egyptian university graduates of the skills of dealing with economic crises. These results confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed training program and the survival of its impact. 

Keywords


Ibn Taymiyyah, Ahmed ibn Abdul Halim. (1998). Slavery (Alubudia), Riyadh, Dar al-Fadila.
Ibn Hanbal, Imam Ahmed ibn Hanbal Al Shaibani. (1429). Al-Musnad, explained by Ahmed Muhammad Shaker, Dar Al-Risala, Beirut.
Ibn Salam, Abu Obaid Al-Qasim, (n.d), Book of Funds, investigation: Khalil Muhammad Haras, Beirut, Dar Al-Fikr.
Ibn Qudama, Muwaffaq al-Din Abu Muhammad Abdullah ibn Ahmad. (n.d). Abbreviated Minhaj al-Qasidin, its hadiths were published by Abdullah al-Ansari, Foundation for Cultural Books.
Ibn Kathir, Abu Al-Fida Ismail, (1419), Interpretation of the Great Qur’an, investigation: Muhammad Hussein Shams Al-Din, Beirut, Dar Al-Kutub Al-Alami for publication and distribution.
Ibn Majah, Abu Abdullah Muhammad ibn Yazid Al-Qazwini. (n.d). Sunan Ibn Majah, investigation: Muhammad Fouad Abdel-Baqi, Dar Revival of Arab Books, Egypt.
Abu Dawud, Suleiman ibn Al-Ash'ath ibn Ishaq Al-Sijistani. (n.d). Al-Sunan, House of Revival of the Prophet's Sunnah, Medina.
Abu Zahra, Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Mustafa ibn Ahmad, (n.d), Zahrat al-Tafseer, Cairo, Dar al-Fikr al-Arabi.
Abu Shawish, Fadwa. (2018). Conceiving a Creative Leadership Proposal for Palestinian Secondary School Principals [Unpublished Master's Thesis]. Islamic University.
Abu Ubaid, Al-Qasim ibn Salam ibn Abdullah Al-Harawi. (1986). Funds, investigation: Khalil Muhammad Harras, Beirut, Dar Al-Fikr.
Abu Qatam, Muslim and Abu Qatam, Noura. (2018). Administrative Creativity among Administrative Leaders in Jordanian Private Universities and its Relationship to Crisis Management from the Point of View of Faculty Members, The Seventh International Conference of the Faculty of Arts, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, pp. 217-244.
Abu Laila, Hanadi Lutfi Abdel-Rahman, and Shawabkeh, Khaled Mahmoud. (2018). Strategic flexibility and its impact on crisis management: An applied study in Jordanian private universities. Al-Mithqal Journal of Economic and Administrative Sciences, 4(1), 7-49.
Abu Youssef, Yacob Ibn Ibrahim. (1985). Al-Kharaj, investigation: Ihsan Abbas, first edition, Dar Al-Shorouk, Beirut.
Ahmed, Ibrahim Ahmed. (2002). Managing educational crises in schools: causes and treatment, Dar Al-Fikr Al-Arabi, Cairo.
Ahmed, Ashraf Al-Saeed. (2019). Contemporary media and crisis management. Modern Book Publishing House.
Ahmed, Hafez Farag, and Radwan, Imad Tharwat Muhammad. (2012). The art of crisis management in educational institutions. Dar Taif for publication and distribution.
Ahmed, Fatima Mustafa. (2020). Crisis management and its relationship to social responsibility among university students in light of the Corona pandemic, Egyptian Journal of Home Economics, vol. 36, p. 2.
Idriss, Jaafar. (2017). Crisis and disaster management. Scientific algorithm publishers and libraries.
Al-Idrisi, Abd al-Hay al-Katani. (2014). The system of the prophetic government called administrative arrangements.
Bukhari, Muhammad ibn Ismail. (1987). Sahih Al-Bukhari, investigation: Mustafa Deeb Al-Bagha, Dar Ibn Katheer Al-Yamamah, Beirut.
Albetriq, Ghada. (2017). Public relations and crisis management. Atlas for publishing and media production.
Al-Balawi, Atef Abdullah, and Al-Zoubi, Khaled Youssef. (2016). The Impact of Strategic Thinking on the Effectiveness of Crisis Management "A Case Study on the Saudi Telecom Company", Education Journal, Faculty of Education for Boys in Cairo, Al-Azhar University, Issue 171, December.
Al-Tirmidhi, Muhammad ibn Issa. (1998). Sunan Al-Tirmidhi, investigation: Bashar Awad Maarouf, Beirut, Dar Al-Gharb Al-Islami.
Jabriya, Mahmoud Eid. (2017). Crisis management between theory and practice. Jaffa Scientific House for Publishing and Distribution.
Jalal, Ahmed. (2016). Financial crisis management. Dar Khaled Al-Lihyani and Dar From the Ocean to the Gulf for publication and distribution.
Jayyousi, Ahmed. (2013). The economic problem in different economic systems, Philadelphia University, College of Administrative and Financial Sciences, Department of Banking and Financial Sciences.
Al-Hakim, Abu Abdullah Al-Hakim Muhammad ibn Abdullah ibn Muhammad. (1990). Al-Mustadrak on the Two Sahihs, Beirut, Dar Al-Kutub Al-Ilmiyyah.
Al-Halsi, Nawaf ibn Saleh. (1993). The economic approach in planning for the Prophet of God, Joseph, peace be upon him.
Helmy, Muhammad. (1962). Abu al-Iqtisad Ibn Khaldun, Cairo. Works of the Ibn Khaldun Festival in Cairo.
Hammadi, Saleh. (2018). Improving the role of school leaders in the light of the creative leadership model of the Prophet, peace be upon him, a field study in the schools of the Asir region [unpublished master's thesis]. Colleges of the Arab East.
Hammam, Nisreen bint Sami ibn Hamidi. (2014). Planning Competencies Required for Female Principals of Secondary Schools in Khamis Mushait in the Light of Administrative Thought in Islamic, Unpublished Master's Thesis, College of Education, King Khalid University.
Hamdouneh, Hossam. (2006). The Secondary School Principal's Practice of Crisis Management Skill in Gaza Governorate", unpublished master's thesis, Islamic University, Gaza, Palestine.
El-Hamalawy, Mohamed Rashad. (2014). Crisis Management. 2nd edition, Abu Dhabi. Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research.
Khudairi, Alsayed Mohsen, Reda. (2003). Crisis management in accidents and emergencies in companies, scientific documentation, Cairo.
Al-Khudairi, Mohsen Ahmed. (2013). Crisis management is an administrative economic approach to resolving crises at the national economic level and the economic unit. Madbouly Library. i2. Cairo.
Khalil, Hanan & Karam, Nashwa. (2014). Crises and methods of dealing with them among female university students (a cross-cultural study), Educational Sciences, Cairo University, Volume 22, Issue 3, July.
Al-Dulaimi, Abdul-Razzaq. (2019). Public relations and crisis management. Dar Al-Yazuri Scientific for Publishing and Distribution.
Dairy, Zahed Muhammad. (2017). Administrative crisis management. Dar Al-Ebtikar for publication and distribution.
Reda, Mohammed Rashid ibn Ali. (1990): Interpretation of the Holy Qur’an (Interpretation of Al-Manar), Cairo, the Egyptian General Book Organization.
Al-Zamakhshari, Mahmoud ibn Amr ibn Ahmed Jarallah. (1407). The Scout for the Realities of the Mysteries of Downloading, Part 3, Edition 3, Beirut, Dar Al-Kitab Al-Arabi.
Siriti, Alsayed Mohammed. (2004). Principles of Microeconomics, University House.
Al-Saadi, Abdul Rahman ibn Nasser ibn Abdullah. (2000), Tayseer Al-Karim Al-Rahman in the interpretation of the words of Al-Manan, investigation: Abd Al-Rahman ibn Mualla Al-Luweiq, Beirut, Al-Risala Foundation.
Shabra, Muhammad Omar. (1430). The Global Crisis: Can Islamic Finance Help Solve It? The Global Financial Crisis: Causes and Solutions from an Islamic Perspective (a group of researchers), Islamic Economics Research Center, Academic Publishing Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah.
Shabra, Muhammad Omar. (1996). Islam and the Economic Challenge, International Institute of Islamic Thought and Arab Institute for Banking and Financial Studies, Amman.
Shady, Ahmed El-Sawy Taha. (2019): Educational requirements for the application of participatory planning in facing economic crises and ways to activate it from an Islamic perspective.
Al-Shatby, Abu Ishaq Ibrahim ibn Musa. (2010). Al-Muwafaqat fi Usul al-Shari`ah, investigation by Abdullah Daraz, and Muhammad Abdullah Daraz, Part 2, Beirut, Dar al-Kutub al-'Ilmiyyah.
Al-Shaboul, Monzer. (2016). The degree of participation of heads of academic and administrative departments in Jordanian universities in crisis management planning from their point of view. Journal of the Association of Arab Universities for Research in Higher Education, vol. 37, p. (1), pp. 1-16.
Shehata, Hussein Hussein. (2011). The Islamic Economic Program in Addressing Egypt's Economic Problems, a series of research and articles in Islamic economic thought, Saleh Kamel Center, Al-Azhar University.
El Shaarawy, Mohamed Metwally. (1997): Al-Shaarawi's Interpretation - Thoughts, Cairo, Akhbar Al-Youm Press.
Al-Shalawi, Fahd ibn Naji ibn Obaid. (2007). The role of Islamic education in facing crises through the Prophet’s biography, an unpublished master’s thesis, College of Education, Umm Al-Qura University, Saudi Arabia.
Saqr, Mohammed. (2001). Islamic economics, concepts and foundations, Dar Al-Fikr Al-Arabi.
Al-Tabarani, Suleiman ibn Ahmed. (1983). The Small Lexicon, investigation: Hamad ibn Abdul Hamid Al-Salafi, Library of Science and Wisdom, Mosul.
Tabari, Muhammad ibn Jarir. (2001). Tafsir al-Tabari, investigation: Abdullah ibn Abdul Mohsen al-Turki, Dar Hajar for printing, publishing and distribution.
Tantawy, Mohamed Sayed. (1997-1998): Intermediate Interpretation of the Holy Qur’an, Parts 4, 8, 11. Cairo, Dar Nahdat Misr for printing, publishing and distribution.
Abdul Rahman, Ismail. (2005). Economic concepts and systems, Amman, Dar Wael.
Abdul Rahman, Iman. (2019). The reality of crisis management in Jordanian higher education institutions, the case of Al-Balqa Applied University. An-Najah University Journal of Humanities Research, 33(7), 1098-1122.
Abdel-Aleem, Osama Mohammed Shaker and Al-Sharif, Omar Abu Hashem. (2009). Modern administrative approaches to education. Oman. Curriculum House for Publishing and Distribution.
Abdulaziz, Munira bint Abdullah. (2015). Crises in the light of the Holy Qur’an and linking them to reality, Scientific Journal of the Faculty of Fundamentals of Religion and Da’wah in Zagazig, Al-Azhar University, p. 27, part 1.
Al-Iraqi, Abu Al-Fadl Zain Al-Din Abdul-Rahim Ibn Al-Hussein, (2005), Al-Mughni on carrying travels in travels, in the production of what is in the revival of the news (printed in the margin of Revival of Religious Sciences), Beirut, Dar Ibn Hazm.
Al-Asqalani, Ahmed ibn Ali ibn Hajar Abu Al-Fadl. (1379), Fath Al-Bari Explanation of Sahih Al-Bukhari, investigation: Muhammad Fouad Abdel-Baqi, Beirut, Dar Al-Maarifa.
Al-Antari, Salwa. (2011). Performance of the Egyptian Economy after the January Revolution of 2011 Urgent Tasks and Alternative Strategy, former General Manager of the Economic Research and Strategic Planning Sector at the National Bank of Egypt, published on the Internet on 9/14/2013 AD, retrieved from the network on 10/22/2022.
Al-Awadi, Refaat. (1998). Economics, its sources in jurisprudence, Dar Al-Fikr Al-Arabi.
Al-Ghazali, Abu Hamid Muhammad. (1978). The Book of Forty in the Fundamentals of Religion, Beirut, Dar Al-Afaq publications.
Al-Ghazali, Abdul Hamid. (1988). Man is the basis of the Islamic approach to economic development, Cairo, published by the Center for Islamic Economics, International Islamic Bank, Cairo.
Fathi, Anis. (2005). Where is the UAE going.. Foreseeing challenges and risks over 25 years, Abu Dhabi, Emirates Center for Studies and Media.
Fathi, Mohamed. (2002) Getting out of the impasse...the art of crisis management. Cairo. Islamic Publishing House.
Qasim, Hamza Mohammed. (D. T): Manar Al-Qari, a brief explanation of Sahih Al-Bukhari, investigation, Abdul Qadir Al-Arnaout, Damascus, Dar Al-Bayan Library.
Al-Qahtani, Zafer. (2018). Strategic planning and its role in crisis management [unpublished master's thesis]. Colleges of the Arab East.
Al-Qurtubi, Abu Abdullah Muhammad ibn Ahmed ibn Abi Bakr. (1964 AD): Al-Jami’ li Ahkam Al-Qur’an (Interpretation of Al-Qurtubi), investigation: Ahmed Al-Bardouni and Ibrahim Atfayyesh, Cairo, Dar Al-Kutub Al-Masria, Edition: Second.
Qishta, Salah Khalil Muhammad. (2013). The Prophetic Sunnah Approach in Crisis Management: An Applied Study, Unpublished PhD Thesis, College of Graduate Studies, University of the Holy Quran and Islamic Sciences, Sudan.
Qantji, Samer. (1429). The appearance of Islamic economic controls in dealing with global financial crises, Dar Al-Nahda for printing, publishing and distribution, Damascus.
Qumedi, Thawadi ibn Bakhush. (2011). Positive foresight for the future in light of the Sunnah, University of Batna, Algeria, Symposium on Foresight and Future Planning in Islam, College of Islamic and Arab Studies, Dubai.
Malik ibn Anas. (1985). Muwatta Malik, investigation: Muhammad Fouad Abdel-Baqi, Book of Sales, Cairo, Al-Halabi Press.
Al-Mawardi, Abu al-Hasan Ali ibn Muhammad ibn Habib al-Basri. (1989). Al-Ahkam Al-Sultaniya, investigation: Ahmed Mubarak Al-Baghdadi, Kuwait, Dar Ibn Qutayba Library.
Mubarak, Yasmine Mohamed, and Abdullah, Fahd Ali. (2021). The level of practicing crisis management skills among administrative leaders at the University of Aden, Journal of Arts for Psychological and Educational Studies, Dhamar University, Issue 9, March 2021 AD, pp. 213-268.
Al-Mubarakfouri, Abu Al-Hassan Ubaid Allah ibn Muhammad Abdul-Salam. (1984), Consideration of the Keys, Explanation of the Mishkat Al-Masabih, Banaris India, Department of Scientific Research, Call and Ifta - Salafi University - Banaris India, Edition: Third.
Moteb, Noura Abdullah. (2021). The Prophet's Rules in Crisis Management - Plague and Corona as a Model, Scientific Journal of the Faculty of Fundamentals of Religion and Da`wah in Zagazig, Al-Azhar University, p. 33, Part 1.
Muhammad, Anas Adnan. (2020). The reality of crisis management in the Islamic Sciences University from the point of view of students - Jordan, Journal of Educational and Psychological Sciences, National Research Center in Gaza, Volume 4, Issue 34, September.
Mokhtar, Abdel Matoulb and Boukhtwa, Fouad. (2015). The reality of crisis management in Libyan higher education institutions, Journal of the Research and Development of Human Resources Center, p. 16, pp. 30-58, Jordan.
Al-Maraghi, Ahmed ibn Mustafa. (1946): Tafseer Al-Maraghi, Cairo, Mustafa Al-Babi Al-Halabi Library and Printing Company, Egypt.
Muslim, Muslim ibn Al-Hajjaj. (1424 AH). Sahih Muslim, Dar Al-Risala, Beirut.
Al-Mashoukhi, Ziyad ibn Abed. (2013). Planning for the Prevention of Crises and Disasters in Islam, The First Saudi International Conference on Crisis and Disaster Management, Imam Muhammad ibn Saud Islamic University, Volume 1, Riyadh, pp. 150-163.
Mostafa, Salah Abdel Hamid. (2012). Modern School Administration: Concept and Applications. Riyadh. Al Rushd Library.
Al-Mustafa, Omar Ahmed, and Muhammad, Abdel-Qader. (2015). The Prophet’s Approach in Crisis Management: Quraish Newspaper of Bani Hashem and Bani Al-Muttalib Province as a Model, Arab Journal of Security Studies, Naif Arab University for Security Sciences, Vol. 31, p. 62, pp. 3-39.
Mostafa, Youssef Abdel-Moati. (2005). Educational administration, modern entrances to a new world. Cairo. Arab Thought House.
Dictionary of the Arabic language complex. (2004). Al-Mu'jam Al-Waseet, Part 2, Al-Shorouk International Library.
Al-Manawi, Imam Al-Hafiz Zain Al-Din Abdul-Raouf (1988): Al-Tayseer explaining Al-Jami Al-Saghir, Al-Riyadh, Al-Imam Al-Shafi’i Library, Edition: Third.
Manhi, Ali Kazem. (2021). The crisis in the Holy Qur’an between reason and sound management - an analytical study in the texts, Journal of the Islamic College, The Islamic University, p. 59, pp. 459-482.
Al-Mawsili, Abu Al-Fadl Abdullah Mawdud Al-Mawsili Al-Hanafi. (2009). The Choice to Justify Al-Mukhtar, Part 4, Dar Al-Hadith.
Nasir, Siddik, and Raboi, Muhammad. (1994). Introduction to Comparative Economics, United Arab Emirates, Dubai, Symposium on Culture and Science.
Nasser, Alia. (2019). Preparedness for Disasters from an Islamic Perspective, Arab Journal of Social Sciences, Arab Foundation for Scientific Consultation and Human Resources Development, P. 15, Part 4.
Al-Najjar, Abdel-Hadi. (1403). Islam and Economics, World of Knowledge, Kuwait, Issue 63, November.
Al-Nasafi, Abu al-Barakat Abdullah ibn Ahmad ibn Mahmoud Hafez al-Din, (1998), Tafsir al-Nasafi (Reasonable Revelations and Realities of Interpretation), investigation: Yusuf Ali Budaiwi, Beirut, Dar al-Kalam al-Tayyib.
Nasr, Iyad. (2017). Crisis management psychology. Gulf House for Publishing and Distribution.
Al-Hajri, Muhammad Faleh Rashid Al-Fuwaidel. (2017). A proposed vision for crisis management among professors at the faculties of the Public Authority for Applied Education and Training in the State of Kuwait. Arab Journal of Social Sciences, 3(11), 61-89.
Al-Huzayl, Muhammad ibn Mardi. (2021). Surat Yusuf, peace be upon him, and its role in managing emergency economic crises - a fundamental study, Taif University Journal of Islamic Sciences, Taif University, Vol. 7, p. 24, pp. 79-106.
Al-Wahidi, Abu Al-Hassan Ali ibn Ahmed ibn Muhammad ibn Ali. (1415), Al-Wajeez fi Tafseer Al-Kitab Al-Aziz, investigation: Safwan Adnan Dawoodi, Damascus, Dar Al-Qalam.
Al-Warwari, Alaa, Al-Zahrani, Bakhit Al-Zahrani, Salem, Al-Harthy, Abdul-Karim, Al-Sahari, Ibrahim, Al-Qarni, Walid. (2016). Crisis management in educational institutions. Scientific books house for publication and distribution.
Youssef, Mashael Anwar, and Mohamed, Maha. (2020). Quranic rules in facing crises: the Covid-19 pandemic as a model, Al-Farad Magazine, Faculty of Islamic and Arab Studies for Boys in Cairo, Al-Azhar University, Vol. 1, p. 39, pp. 311-356.
المراجع الأجنبية:
Bobyleva,Alla & Sidorova, Alexandra (2015)"Crisis Management In Higher Education In RUSSIA"International Cross-Industry Journal Perspectives of Innovations, Economics & Business, Volume 15,Issue4, 2015.
Colorado High School Activities Association(2013).Guidelines for Security, Safety, and Crisis Management. Colorado. Usa.
Kenner, Aisha Sherea. (2018) .Crisis Management and Student Conduct on College Campuses The Role of Adminstrative Discretion ]Thesis Ph.D Published[. University of Arkansas.
Mikusova. Marie & Horvathova. Petra. (2019). " Pepared for a Crisis? Basic Elements of Crisis Management in an Organisation.Economic Research-Kosovska Istra Zivanja, VOL. 32, NO. 1, 1844–1868.
Nathanial, Peter (2020) "Crisis Management: Framework and Principles with Applications to CoVid-19" INSEAD. https://www.insead.edu/faculty-research.
Sheldene K. Simola (2005) Organizational Crisis Management: Overview and Opportunities Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research, Vol. (57), Issue (3), pp:180-192
Porter, Brian Joseph.(2010).A Portrait of school district crisis management: leadership choices in montgomery county during the sniper shootings of October 2002 ]Thesis Ph.D Unpublished [.University of Maryland.