Controls of personal freedom in Islam and the extent to which Egyptian university students adhere to it

Authors

Department of Islamic Education, Faculty of Education, Al-Azhar University

Abstract

The current study aimed to identify the controls of personal freedom in Islam and the extent of the Egyptian university students' commitment to it, by clarifying the intellectual framework of freedom and the controls of personal freedom in Islam, and the reality of university students' commitment to it, and the requirements for consolidating them with them. On the reality of commitment to the controls of personal freedom among students of some Egyptian universities, This percentage needs more attention to consolidate these controls among them, especially with the possibility of increasing the numbers of this category as a result of the openness to social media and the ease of dissemination of opinions and ideas in them, and the youth are hardly affected by them, and by identifying the reality of Egyptian university students’ commitment to the controls of personal freedom In Islam, there was a need to pay more attention to the consolidation of these controls among them, through paying attention to the role of parents, renewing religious discourse, paying attention to the role of universities, preparing good university professors, and developing educational curricula.

Keywords


- The Holy Quran
- Tafsir books:
- Ibn kathir, Esmail Addimashqi. Mokhtasar tafsir Ibn kathir, Hani Al Haj, part 1,2, Cairo: Attawfiqiah library.
- Ibn kathir, Esmail Addimashqi, Mokhtasar tafsir Ibn kathir,(1981), Mohamad Ali Assabouni, part 2,3, Bairout: Dar Alquran Alkarim.
- Assioty, Galal Addin Abd Alrahman.(1994), Jamia’ Alahadith- Aljamia’ Assaghir, part 12, Bairout: Dar Alfikr.
-  Assioty, Mohamad Bin Ahmad Almahly, Abd Alrahman Bin Abi Bakr. (2004), Tafsir Algalalin, Cairo: Assafa library.
- Alqurtobi, Mohamad Bin Ahmad Bin Abi Bakr.(2006), Aljamia’ Liahkam Alquran, part 3,19, , Bairout: Arisalah institution.
Al Hadith Books:
- Ibn Malek, Anas. (1997), Almowatta, Yahia Bin Yahia Allaithy Alandalousy, Bairur: Dar Algharb Alislamy.
- Al Baihaqi, Ahmad Bin Al Husain. (2003), Aljamia’ L Shuaab Al Iman, Mukhtar Ahmad Annadwi, part 12, Arriyad: Arrushd Library.
- Bin Hanbal, Ahmad. (2001), Musnad Alimam Ahmad Bin Hanbal, Shuaib Alarnaout and others, part 43, Bairut: Arrisalah institution.
- Alasqalani, Ahmad Bin Ali Bin Hajar. (1379h.), Fath Albari Bsharh Sahih Alimam Albukhari, Abd Al Aziz Bin Baz, Fouad Abd Albaqi, part 1, Cairo: Asalafyiah library.
- Annasae. (1991), Sunan Annasae, Galal Adden Assayoti, part 6, Bairout: Dar Almaarifah.
- Assajstany, Soliman Bin Alashath. (2009), Sunan Abi Dawood, Shoaib Alarnaout and Mohamad Kamel, part 5, Bairout: Dar Arrisalah.
- Alalbani, Mohamad Naser Adden. (1988), Sahih Aljamia’ Assaghir Waziyadatih, Bairout: Almaktab Alislamy.
- Alalbani, Mohamad Naser Adden. (1997), Erwa Alghalil Fi Takhrij Ahadith Manar Assabil, part 7, Bairout: Almaktab Alislamy.
- Alalbani, Mohamad Naser Adden. (1998), Sahih Ibn Majah, part 2,3, Arriyad: Almaarif library.
- Alalbani, Mohamad Naser Adden. (2000), Silsilat Alahadith Assahihah, part 4, Arriyad: Almaarif library.
- Alalbani, Mohamad Naser Adden. Daif Aljamia’ Alkabir Waziyadatih, Bairout: Almaktab Alislamy.
- Alalbani, Mohamad Naser Adden. Sunan Attirmizy, Arriyad: Almaarif library.
- Annaisaboury, Muslim Bin Hajaj. (2006), Sahih Muslim, Arriyad: Dar Taibah.
- Albukhari, Mohamad Bin Ismail, Aladab Almfrid, Mohamad Abd Albaqi, Cairo: Almatbaa Assalafiah.
- Albukhari, Mohamad Bin Ismail, Sahih Albukhari, part 1,2,3, Dimashq and Bairut: Dar Ibn Katheer.
- Attirmizy, Mohamad Bin Isa Bin Sawrah. (2000), Sahih Attirmizy, Mohamad Naser Addin Alalbani, part 2,3, , Arriyad: Almaarif library.
- Alqizwiny, Mohamad Bin Yazeed, Sunan Ibn Majah, Mohamad Abd Albaqi, Cairo: Dar Ihiaa Alkutub Alarabiyah.
Glossaries and dictionaries:
- Anis, Ibrahim and others. (2004), Almujam Alwaseet, Cairo: Ashoruq library.
- Ibn Manzour, Lisan Alarab, part4,Bairut: Dar Sader.
- Alasfahani, Abi Alqassem Alhusain Bin Mohamad Arraghib, Almufradat Fi Gharib Alquran, part1, Cairo: Nizar library.
- Azzaidy, Said Mohamad Murtada Alhusny. (1974), Taj Alarous Mn Jawaher Alqamous, Husin Nassar, part13, Alkuwait: Kuwait Government Press.
- Majmaa’ Allughah Alarabyiah. ( 2003- 2004), Amujam Alwajiz, Cairo: Public Authority for Amiri Printing Affairs.
- Arrazi, Mohamad Bin Abi Bakr. (1986), Mukhtar Assahah, Bairut: Libnan library.
- Alazhary, Mohamad Bin Ahmad. (2001), Tahzeeb Alloghah, part3, Bairut: Dar Ihiaa Atturath Alaraby.
Books:
- Alghazali, Abo Hamed, Ehiaa Olum Addin, Badawi Tabanah, part2, Indonesia: Kiriyatah Nutra librart.
- Azzarnuji, Burhan Alislam. (1981), Talim Almutaalim Tareeq Attaalum, Marwan Qabbani, Birut:Almaktab Alislamy.
- Mil, jun istiwart.( 1922), Alhurriyah, Taha Assibaai, Cairo: Matbaat Ashaab.
- Alkhateeb, Hurriah younis. (1993), Alislam wa Mafhum Alhurriyah, Qubrus:Dar Almultaqa Litibaa wa Annashr.
- Bin Thabit, Saieed Bin Ali.(1412H.), Alhurriyah Alialamiyah Fi Doo’ Alislam, Arriyad: Dar Alam Alkutub.
- Alomairi, Sultan Bin Abd Arrahman. (2013), Fdaat  Alhurriyah, Cairo: Almarkaz Alarabi Lddirasat Alinsanyiah.
- Abd Arrahman, Ayshah. (1996), Makal Fi Alinsan, Cairo: Dar Almaarif.
- Aliely, Abd Alhakeem Hassan. (1983), Alhurriyat Alammah Fi Alfkr wa Annizam Assiyasi Fi Alislam, Cairo: Dar Alfkr Alarabi.
- Annajjar, Abd Alhameed. (2008), Murajaat Fi Alfkr Alislamy, Tunis: Dar Algharb Alislamy.
- Annajjar, Abd Alhameed. (2009), Alhurriyat Addinyiah Fi Ashariah Alislamiyah, Ashariqah: Munazzamat Almutamar Alislamy 19.
- Alkawakbi, Abd Arrahman. (2006), Tabaa’ Alistibdad masaria’ Alistiba’ad, Asad Asahmarani, Birute: Dar Annafais.
- Biram, Isa. Alhurriyat Alammah wa Huquq Alinsan, Birut: Dar Almanhal Allubnani.
- Abo Allam, Rajaa Mahoud. (2011), Manahij Albahth Fi Alolum Annafssiyah, Cairo: Dar Annashr For Univirsities.
- Abd Allah, Majdi Ahmad Muhmad. (2012), Azmat Ashabab wa Mshakilih Bin Alwaqia’ Wa Attumuh, Alexandriya: Dar Almaarifah Aljamieiah.
- Abo Zahra, Muhamad. (1965), Tanzim Alislam Lilmujtama’, Cairo: Dar Alfkr Alaraby.
- Abo Zahra, Muhamad. Almujtamaa’ Alinsany Fi zel Alislam, Cairo: Dar Alfkr Alaraby.
- Bin Ashur, Muhamed Attaher. (2001), Maqasid Ashariah Alislamiyah, Muhamed Attaher Almisawi, Amman: Dar Annafais.
- Bin Ashur, Muhamed Attaher. (1985), Osol Annizam Alejtimai Fi Alislam, Tunis: Ashirkah Attunisiyah.
- Alghazali, Mohamad. (2005), Huquq Alinsan Bin Taalim Alislam, Cairo: Nahdat Misr.
- Addwish, Abd Allah Bin Mohamad. Tarbiat Ashabab Alahdaf Walwasayl, Arriyad: Dar Alwatan linashr.
- Ashaikh, Mahmoud Yousif. (2013), Manahij Albahth Fi Attarbiah Alislamiah, Cairo: Dar Alfikr Alarabi.
- Alian, Ribhi Mustafa. (2001), Albahth Alilmi Ososoh, Manahijuh waasalibuh, Alordun: Bit Alafkar Addawliah.
- Hurdo, A center to support digital expression. (2015), Alhag Fi Alkhusosiyah Walaman Arraqami, Cairo: center Hurdo for digital expression.
- Lalaland, Andryah. (2001), Mawsoaat Lalaland Alfalsafyiah, part 1, Birut- Baris: Manshurat Owaidat.
Patrols:
- Alfisal, Abd Alamir Muwit. (2017), Intihak Alkhusosiyah Fi Mawaqia’ Attawasul Alijtimaiy, Albahith Alilmi magazine, Issue 36, Baghdad.
- Rida, Asad Tarish. (2010), Alathar Alijtimayah Lilawlamah, Dirasat Dawliah magazine, Issue 43, Adirasat Alistiratijyah Center, Baghdad.
- Adrawy, Alayashi. (2012), Suaal Alhurriyah, Alazminah Alhadithah magazine, Issue 5, Arribat.
- Hamdan, Eyad Fawzi. (2009), Madhaher Alhurriyah Ashakhsyiah Walammah Fi Alislam, Dirasat Daa’wiyah magazine, Issue 17, Om Dirman University, Assudan.
- Abd Arrazaq, Hamdi Hasan Ayoub. (2023), Qawaid Istikhdam Almanhaj Alosoli Fi Abhath Attarbiyah Alislamiyah, Faculty of Education Alazhar University magazine, Issue 198, part 1, Cairo.
- Shamam, Bashir Abd Alali. (2007), Maqsad Alhurriyah Fi Ashariah Alislamyiah, Ashariah Wadirasat Alislamyiah magazine, Issue 12, Assudan.
- Adahabi, Khadujah. (2017), Haq Alkhusosiyah Fi Muwajahat Alea’tidaat Aliliktroniyah, Alostath Albahith magazine, Issue 8, part 1, Algeria.
- Rahmuni, Dalilah and Birru Mohamed, Almanahij Attalimyiah Bin Attatworat Watahdiyat Almustaqbal, Almumarasat Allaghawih magazine, Issue 31, Algeria.
- Hamdi , Rabab Husain and heba Sadiq. (2017), Suluk Alonf Bin Ashabab, College of Arts- Asiut University magazine, Issue 33, Asiut.
- Khatatbah, Adnan Mustafa. (2013), Dur Attalim Almustamer Fi Muwajahat Tahdiyat Alawlamah, Dirasat magazine – Asharyiah Faculty Alyarmuk University, 
Intihak Hurmat Alhaiat Alkhassah Abr Alinternet, Issue2, Jurdan.
- Alostath, Suzan Adnan, (2013), Intihak Hurmat Alhayiat Alkhassah Abr Alinternet, Dimashq University Lilolom Aliqtisadyiah magazine, Issue 3, Dimashq.
- Aljammal, Mohamad Mahmoud. (1431H.), Alhurriyah Watatbiqatha Fi Alfiqh Alislamy, Kitab Alommah, Issue138, Albuhuth Wadirasat Alislamyiah Management, Qatar.
- Mohamed, Nzer Saihan. (2016), Dahirat Alonf Aljamiey Wador Aljamiat, Dirasat Alolom Attarbawiah magazine, Issue 1, Jurdun University.
- Mahmoud, Nihad Abd Alwahab. ( 2015), Alonf Lada Tullab Aljamia’h Wailaqatuh Bisimat Ashakhsyiah Alkhams. Alirshad Annafsi magazine, Issue 42, Cairo.
scientific messages:
- Saleh, Abo Alfutuh Mohamad. (2019), Athar Attatawur Attuknulogy Ala Mumarasat Alhuquq, Unpublished PHD. , Ain Sams University, Faculty of Law - Department of Public Law.
- Hassan, Aiman Abd Almughni. (2019), Athar  Istikhdam Mawaqia’ Attawasul Alijtimae’e Ala Annusuq Aqyiami Lishabab Almasry, Unpublished PHD. , Ain Sams University, Institute of Environmental Studies and Research - Department of Environmental Humanities.
- Saeed, Sabrinah. (2015), Himayiat Alhaq Fi Hurmat Alhayat Alkhassah Fi Ahd Attuknologyiah, Unpublished PHD. , Lhaj Alakhdar Batinah University, Faculty of Law, Algeria.
- Ahmad, Eid Siddiq. (2019), Istiratijyiah Muqtaraha Litanmyiat Alqyiam Alijabyiah Lda Ashabab Aljamia’I, Unpublished PHD. , Ain-Shams University. College of Girls - Department of Fundamentals of Education.
- Alabd Alkareem, Fouad Bin Abd Alkareem. Qadayia Almara’ah Fi Almua’tmarat Addawliyah, Unpublished PHD. , Imam Muhammad Bin Saud Islamic University. Faculty of Sharia - Department of Islamic Culture.
- Ibrahim, Lurna Adel Ghali. (2019), Azmat Alhuwyiah Walmutaghyerat Annafsiah Walijtimaeyah Almurtabitah Bilalam Aliftirady, Unpublished PHD. , Ain-Shams University. Institute of Environmental Studies and Research - Department of Environmental Humanities.
- Alhamadi, Mohamad Waleed. (2019), Dur Attarbyiah Fi Muwajahat Assiraa’ Alqyiami Lada Ashabab Alkuwaiti, Unpublished master, Banha university. Faculty of Specific Education - Department of Educational and Psychological Sciences.
Reports and conferences:
- United nations. (2017), Attaqrir Alaraby Hawla Alfaqr Almutadid Alaba’ad, Birut: United nations.
- United nations. (2004), Alhuryiah Athaqafyiah Fi Alamna Almutanawia’, New York: United Nations Development Program 2004.
- Alammar, Abd Alaziz Bin Saleh. (2017), Athar Aljamiaat Fi Himayiat  oqol Tulabha Min Alinhirafat Alfkryiah, Wajib Aljamiaat Assaudiah Waathrha Fi Himayiat Ashabab, Riyadh: Imam Muhammad bin Saud Islamic University.
- Annashmy, Ojail Jasem. (2017), Hurryiat Arraa’I Wattabir Fi Asharia’ah Alislamyiah, Alihirafat Alfikryiah Bayna Hurryiat Attabir Wamuhakimat Asharia’ah conference, Islamic world Union. Makkah: Almajmaa’ Alfiqhi.
- Bashari, Mohamed. (2009), Alhurryiah Addinyiah Fi Asharia’ah Alislamyiah Abadha Wadawabtha, Organization of the Islamic Conference - Nineteenth session. Sharjah: International Islamic Fiqh Academy.
- Haifari, Nusaimah Amaal. (2015), Alawlamah Athaqafyiah Waatharha Ala Huwyiat Ashuo’b Alarabyiah, Eighth Conference: Attanawo’ Athaqafy, Tripoli:Jeel Albahth Alilmi Centre.
Internet references:
- United nations. Alea’lan Alalami Llhuqoq Alinsan
https://www.un.org/ar/udhrbook/pdf/UNH_AR_TXT.pdf 2021-3 -15
- Dar Aliftaa Almasaryiah. Ihteram Alkhususyiah
https://www.daralifta.org/ar/Viewstatement.aspx        5/3/2020
- Nidal Gamal Jaradah. Huqoq Alinsan Wahuryiatuh Alasasuiah
http://previous.eastlaws.com/Uploads/Morafaat/48.pdf
المـراجــع الأجنبيــة
- Berlin, Isaiah. LIBERTY, Edit by Henry Hard, London: OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS, 2002
- Brian, Terri,  " Navigating the Tides of Globalisation and Neoliberalism: A Critical Approach to 21st Century Tertiary Education"، New Zealand Journal of Teachers' Work, Vol.13, No.2, (2016), 134:146.
- Dillon, Katrina." Escape from Freedom: Towards The Political Realm "، PHILOSOPHICAL STUDIES IN EDUCATION, vol.45,  U.S.A، (2014).
- Field, “Discovering Statistics Using SPSS” (3rd Ed).‏ SAGE, (2009). 
- Hargitlai, Eszter, Amanda Hinnont, "Digital Inequality: Differences in Young Adults Use of the internet", Communication Research, vol. 35, (2008) 602:621.
- Hay, Caroline "Social Net Works and Internet Connectivity Effects", Information Communication of Society, Vol. 8, No.2, (2005).
http://www.webuse.org/pdf/HargittaiHinnant-DigitalInequality2008.pdf
- Pieterse,Jan Nederveen, GLOBALIZATION AND CULTURE, (America: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2009)
- Mamlok, Dan " NEGATIVE AND POSITIVE FREEDOM: CONSIDERING EDUCATION AND THE DIGITAL WORLD", Philosophical Studies in Education, vol.47, U.S.A,(2016).
- Mozaline, Dennis & Susan Moor. Internet Use, Identity Development and Social Anxiety Young Adults, Journal webste, Vol. 21, Issue 2, U.S.A.، (2004)
- Ruzic, Nevena. Freedom of Expression on the Internet، (Master of Art in Contemporary Diplomacy, UNIVERSITY OF MALTA, 2006/2007).
-  Soon, Mecheel Van ، Face book and the Invasionof Technological Communities, (New York: N.Y.، 2010).