The Structural Model of the Relationships between Future Orientation, Subjective Vitality and Entrepreneurship Skills for Al-Azhar University Final Year Students

Document Type : Original Article

Author

Department of Psychology - Faculty of Human Studies in Dakahlia - Al-Azhar University

Abstract

The aim of the study is to examine both the relationship between future orientation on one part and subjective vitality and entrepreneurship skills on the other and the relationship between subjective vitality and entrepreneurship. The study also sets to identify the structural model of the relationships and the direct, indirect and total effects between future orientation, subjective vitality and entrepreneurship. A further aim is to study the effect of gender (male/female), specialization (theoretical/practical) and the interaction between the two on entrepreneurship skills among a sample from Al-Azhar University final year students. The sample of the study consisted of 560 students (206 males and 300 females). 305 students are at theoretical faculties while 255 are at practical faculties. The ages of the participants range from 21 to 23 years of age with an average of 21.7 years and a standard deviation of (± 691). The researcher applied three measures; i.e. measure of future orientation and measure of entrepreneurship skills (both prepared by the researcher) and the measure of subjective vitality (prepared by Arafa 2021). Using Pearson correlation coefficient, structural equation model, and two-way analysis of variance, the study concluded that there is a positive correlation between future orientation on one part and subjective vitality and entrepreneurship skills on the other and that there is a positive correlation between subjective vitality and entrepreneurship skills. The study also proved that there is a structural model that explains the direct, indirect and total effects between future orientation (as an independent variable) and subjective vitality (as a mediator variable) and entrepreneurship skills (as a dependent variable). Based on the findings, there is no statistically significant effect of the two variables; gender and specialization, or of the interaction between them on entrepreneurship skills among the sample students. The results were interpreted in the light of the findings of previously-made studies. In addition, the study introduces a number of suggestions and recommendations for future research. 
 

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