Al-Mohammadi, Iman, Hamad, Iradah, Al-Qarni, Bashaer, Al-Zahrani, Malak, & Al-Juhani, Joana (2024). Postgraduate students’ use of AI applications in scientific research: Prevalence and its relationship to perceived impostor syndrome. International Journal of Educational Research, 49(2), 123–188.
Arnout, Bushra (2017). Research self-efficacy among postgraduate students in Arab public universities: A comparative study in light of some demographic variables. Journal of Psychological Counseling, 50(1), 1–47.
Arshan, Ittihad (2023). The reality of postgraduate students’ use of artificial intelligence in scientific research at Ibb University. Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences, 2(2), 115–131.
Farhat, Ramadan (2024). Intellectual humility as a predictor of research self-efficacy and attitude toward AI applications among researchers at Al-Azhar University. Egyptian Journal of Psychological Studies, 34(123), 297–390.
Ghanayem, Mehni (2023). AI phobia and research ethics. International Journal of Research in Educational Sciences, 6(3), 39–59.
Hantoush, Ahmed (2020). Research self-efficacy and its relationship to psychological hardiness and hope among postgraduate students at Jazan University. Jazan University. Journal of Human Sciences, 9(1), 13–40.
Hussein, Mahmoud (2023). Psychological empowerment and assertiveness as predictors of research self-efficacy among postgraduate students at the Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University. Journal of Psychological Counseling, 76(1), 177–231.
Touny, Soheir (2022). Research self-efficacy and its relationship with academic achievement motivation among postgraduate female students at faculties of early childhood education. Journal of Childhood and Education, 14(52), 165–244.
ثالثاً: قائمة المراجع الأجنبية:
Abiddin, N. and West, M. (2007). Responsibilities of graduate student: The review of research student policies. Journal of Social Sciences, 3 (1), 7-17.
Adedokun, O., & Burgess, W. (2011). Uncovering students' preconceptions of undergraduate research experiences. Journal of STEM Education: Innovations & Research, 12, 12- 22.
Alade, M and Daniel, H. (2023). Influence of artificial intelligence (AI) on research among Nigerian postgraduate students. Journal of Comm., 7, 203-214.
Albikawi, Z. & Abuadas, M. (2025). A novel scale to measure nursing students’ fear of artificial intelligence: Development and validation. The Open Nursing Journal, 19, 1 – 11.
DOI:10.2174/0118744346376183250212033153
Aldulaijan, A., & Almalki, S. (2025). The impact of generative AI tools on postgraduate students’ learning experiences: New insights into usage patterns. Journal of Information Technology Education,, 24 (3). https://doi.org/10.28945/5428
Alkhalifah J., Bedaiwi A., Seddiq W. and Meo S. (2024) Existential anxiety about artificial intelligence (AI)- is it the end of humanity era or a new chapter in the human revolution: Questionnaire-based observational study. Frontiers in Psychiatry 15:1368122. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1368122
Almaiah, M., Alfaisal, R., Salloum, S., Hajjej, F., Thabit, S., El-Qirem, F., Lutfi, A., Alrawad M., Al Mulhem, A., Alkhdour, T., Bani Awad, A., & Al-Maroof, R. (2022). Examining the impact of artificial intelligence and social and computer anxiety in e-learning settings: Students’ perceptions at the university level. Electronics, 11(22), 3662, 1-22.https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11223662.
Artino, A. R. (2012). Academic self-efficacy: From educational theory to instructional practice. Perspectives on Medical Education, 1, 76-85. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40037-012-0012-5
Asio, J. & Suero, A. (2024). Artificial intelligence anxiety, self-efficacy, and self-competence among students: Implications to higher education institutions. Education Policy and Development, 2(2), 82-93. https://doi.org/10.31098/epd.v2i2.2541
Asio, J. Sardina, p. (2025). Gender differences on the impact of AI self-efficacy on AI anxiety through AI self competency: A moderated mediation analysis. Journal of Pedagogical Research, 9 (2), 55- 71.
Ayanwale, M. , Sanusi, I. , Adelana, O. , Aruleba, K. , & Oyelere, S. (2022). Teachers’ readiness and intention to teach artificial intelligence in schools. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 3, 1 – 11. 100099. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2022.100099
Baltes, B., Hoffman-Kipp, P., Lynn, L., Weltzer-Ward, L. (2010). Students research self-efficacy during online doctoral research courses. Contemporary Issues in Educational Research,3(3):51–8. doi: 10.19030/cier.v3i3.187.
Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84, 191-215.
https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.84.2.191
Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. W. H. Freeman and Company.
Bernardo, A. (2003). Toward a typology of Philippine higher education institutions. In CHED (Ed.), Towards rationalizing Philippine higher education (pp. 15-104). Pasig City, Philippines: Commission on Higher Education.
Bieschke, K. (2006). Research self-efficacy beliefs and research outcome expectations: Implications for developing scientifically minded psychologists. Journal of Career Assessment, 14(1), 77-91. doi: 10.1177/1069072705281366
Bieschke, K. Bishop, R. & Garcia, V. L. (1996). The utility of the research self-efficacy scale. Journal of Career Assessment, 4(1), 59-75.
Bishop, R., & Bieschke, K. (1998). Applying social cognitive theory to interest in research among counseling psychology doctoral students: A path analysis. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 45,182 – 188.
Bostrom, E. Yudkowsky, (2014). The ethics of artificial intelligence, in: W. Ramsey, K. Frankish (Eds.), Cambridge Handbook of Artificial Intelligence. Cambridge University Press.
Bostrom, N. (2022). Existential risks: Analyzing human extinction scenarios and related hazards. Journal of Evolution & Technology, 9, Available: http://jetpress. org/volume8/symbionics.html.
Bouzar, A., EL Idrissi, K., & Ghourdou, T. (2024). ChatGPT and Academic Writing Self-Efficacy: Unveiling Correlations and Technological Dependency among Postgraduate Students. Arab World English Journal,1 (1), 225-236.
Brancolini, K. & Kennedy, M. (2017). The development and use of a research self-efficacy scale to assess the effectiveness of a research training program for academic librarians. Library and Information Research, 41 (24), 44 – 88.
Buttazzo, G. (2008). Artificial consciousness: Hazardous questions and answers. Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, 44 (2), 139–146.
Chatterjee, S., & Bhattacharjee, K. K. (2020). Adoption of artificial intelligence in higher education: A quantitative analysis using structural equation modelling. Education and Information Technologies, 25(5), 3443-3463. http://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-020-10159-7
Chen, D.; Liu, W. & Liu, X. (2024). What drives college students to use AI for L2 learning? Modeling the roles of self-efficacy, anxiety, and attitude based on an extended technology acceptance model. Acta Psychologica, 249, 1- 9.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104442.
Chen, J.; He, M. & Sun, J. (2025). AI anxiety and knowledge payment: the roles of perceived value and self-efficacy. BMC Psychology, 13 (208), 1 – 16.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-025-02510-9.
Chopra, L. (2007). White, Privacy and artificial agents, or, is google reading my email?. Proceedings of the 20th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence,
Chua, S.; Chen, D. & Wong, A. (1999). Computer anxiety and its correlates: a meta-analysis. Computer and Human Behavior, 15 (5) 609–623.
Craney, C., McKay, T., Mazzeo, A., Morris, J., Prigodich, C., & De Groot, R. (2011). Cross-discipline perceptions of the undergraduate research experience. The Journal of Higher Education, 82, 92-113.https://doi.org/10.1080/00221546.2011.11779086
Diocos, C. (2022). Graduate Students’ Skills and Challenges in Research Writing. International Journal of Research, 9 (6), 395-417.
Fawns, T., Henderson, M., Matthews, K. E., Oberg, G., Liang, Y., Walton, J., Corbin, T., Bearman, M., Buckingham Shum, S., McCluskey, T., McLean, J., Shibani, A., Bakharia, A., Lim, L., Pepperell, N., Slade, C., Chung, J., & Seligmann, A. (2024). Gen AI and student perspectives of use and ambiguity: A multi-institutional study. In T. Cochrane, V. Narayan, E. Bone, C. Deneen, M. Saligari, K. Tregloan, & R. Vanderburg (Eds.), Navigating the Terrain: Emerging Frontiers in Learning Spaces, Pedagogies, and Technologies. Proceedings ASCILITE 2024. Melbourne (pp. 132-134). https://doi.org/10.14742/apubs.2024.1218
Forester, M., Kahn J. & Hesson-McInnis, M. (2004). Factor structures of three measures of research self-efficacy. Journal of Career Assessment, 12 (1), 3-16.
Franca, C. (2023). AI empowering research: 10 ways how science can benefit from AI. CESAR Innovation Center. arXiv preprint arXiv:2307.10265.
Frantz, K., De Haan, R., Demetrikopoulos, M., & Carruth, L. (2006). Routes to research for novice undergraduate neuroscientists. CBE Life Science Education, 5, 175–187.https://doi.org/10.1187/cbe.05-09-0119
Gelso, C., Mallinckrodt, B., & Judge, A. (1996). Research training environment, attitudes toward research, and research self-efficacy: The revised research training environment scale. The Counseling Psychologist, 24, 304-332.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0011000096242010
Gherhes, V. (2018). Why are we afraid of artificial intelligence (AI)? European Review of Applied Sociology, 11(17), 6-15.
Gunkel, D. (2012). The Machine Question: Critical Perspectives on AI, Robots, and Ethics, MIT Press.
Hill, H., Zwahr-Castro, J. Gonzales, A. (2022). Evaluating Research Self-Efficacy in Undergraduate Students: Experience Matters. Journal of the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning, 22 (1), 67 – 80. doi: 10.14434/josotl.v22i1.31203.
Holden, G., Barker, K., Meenaghan, T. & Rosenberg, G. (1999). Research self-efficacy: A new possibility for educational outcomes assessment. Journal of Social Work Education, 35(3), 463–476.
Hollingsworth, M., & Fassinger, R. (2002). The role of faculty mentors in the research training of counseling psychology doctoral students. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 49, 324 – 330. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.49.3.324
Holmes, W., & Tuomi, I. (2022). State of the art and practice in AI in education. European Journal of Education, 57, 542–570.
Honicke, T., & Broadbent, J. (2016). The relation of academic self-efficacy to university student academic performance: A systematic review. Educational Research Review, 17, 63-84.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.edurev.2015.11.002
Jang, Y & Shin, J. (2011). The influence of research self-efficacy, research inclination, and research support on graduate students’ research outcomes. Educational Psychology, 31(3), 281 – 297.
Jatileni, C., Sanusi, I., Olaleye, S., Ayanwale, M., Agbo, F., & Oyelere, P. (2024). Artificial intelligence in compulsory level of education: perspectives from Namibian in service teachers. Education and Information Technologies, 29(10), 12569–12596.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-023-12341-z
Johnson, D. & Verdicchio, M. (2017). AI Anxiety. Journal of the association for Information Science and Technology, 68(9):2267–2270.
Jungert, T. and Rosander, M. (2010). Self-efficacy and strategies to influence the study environment. Teaching in Higher Education, 15 (6), 647-659. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13562517.2010.522080
Kahn, J. & Scott, N. (1997). Predictors of research productivity and science-related career goals among counseling psychology doctoral students. The Counseling Psychologist, 25(1), 38-67. doi: 10.1177/0011000097251005
Khasawneh, O. (2018). Technophobia, Examining its hidden factors and defining it. Technology in Society, 54, 93–100.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2018.03.008
Kim, J. (2019). Fear of artificial intelligence on people’s attitudinal & behavioral attributes: An exploratory analysis of A.I. phobia. Global Scientific Journal, 7(10), 9 -20.
Kim, J., Soh, J., Kadkol, S., Solomon, I., The, H., Srivatsa, A., Nahass, G., Choi, J., Lee, S., Nyugen, T. & Ajilore, O. (2025). AI Anxiety: a comprehensive analysis of psychological factors and Interventions. AI and Ethics, https://doi.org/10.1007/s43681-025-00686-9
Kitano, K. (2001). Anxiety in the college Japanese language classroom. The Modern Language Journal, 85(4), 549–566.
https://doi.org/10.1111/0026-7902.00125.
Kuzmina, N., Korokova, E. & Korotkov, K. (2024). Applications of AI chatbots in doctoral students' English learning training. Bulletin of the South Ural State University series Education. Education Sciences 16(4):121-134. DOI:10.14529/ped240411.
Lambie, G., Hayes, B., Griffith, C., Limberg, D., & Mullen, P. (2014). An exploratory investigation of the research self-efficacy, interest in research, and research knowledge of Ph.D. in education students. Innovative Higher Education, 39(2), 139–153. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10755- 013-9264-1.
Leavy, S. (2018). Gender Bias in Artificial Intelligence: The need for diversity and gender. Theory in Machine Learning, the 1st International Workshop IEEE Computer Society.
Lee, Y., Hwang, G., & Chen, P. (2022). Impacts of an AI-based Chatbot on College Students' After-Class Review, Academic Performance, Self-Efficacy, Learning Attitude, and Motivation. Educational Technology Research and Development, 70(5), 1843-1865.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-022-10142-8
Li, J. & Huang, J. (2020). Dimensions of artificial intelligence anxiety based on the integrated fear acquisition theory. Technology in Society, 63, 1-10.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2020.101410
Liang, Y., Lee, S. (2017). Fear of Autonomous Robots and Artificial Intelligence: Evidence from National Representative Data with Probability Sampling. International Journal of Social Robotics, 9, 379–384. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-017-0401-3
Love, K., Bahner, A., Jones, L. & Nilsson, J. (2007). An investigation of early research experience and research self-efficacy. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 38 (3), 314-320.
Mccarthy, J., Minsky, M. L., Rochester, N. et al. (2006). A Proposal for the Dartmouth Summer Research Project on Artificial Intelligence. Journal of Molecular Biology, 278, 221-235.
McKinsey, (2017). Global Institute, Jobs Lost, Jobs Gained: Workforce Transitions in a Time of Automation,
https://www.mckinsey.com/global-themes/future-of-organizations-and-work/what-the-future-of-work-will-mean-for-jobs-skills-and-wages.
Morales-Garcia, W.; Sairitupa-Sanchez, L.; Flores-Paredes, L.; Pascual-Marino, J. & Morales-García, M. (2025). Influence of self-efficacy in the use of artificial intelligence (AI) and anxiety toward AI use on AI dependence among Peruvian university students. https://doi.org/10.56294/dm2025210.
Moses, I., (1995). Good supervisory practice. In Holdaway, E., Deblois, C. and I. Winchester, Supervision of graduate students. The Canadian J. Higher Education, 25: 1-29.
Ni, A., & Cheung, A. (2023). Understanding secondary students’ continuance intention to adopt AI powered intelligent tutoring system for English learning. Education and Information Technologies, 28, 3191–3216
Niromand, E., Hosseini, S. & Khazaei, M. (2022). Comparison of research self-efficacy of graduate students and the effectiveness of their supervisors in Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences. Educational research for Medical Sciences, 11 (1), 1 – 6.
Odacı, H. (2013). The role of computer self-efficacy, self-esteem, and subjective well-being in predicting research self-efficacy among postgraduate students. Asia-Pacific Education Researcher, 22(4), 399–406. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40299-012-0039-8
Odacı, H., & Erzen, E. (2021). Attitude toward computers and critical thinking of postgraduate students as predictors of research self-efficacy. Computers in the Schools, 38(2), 125-141.
Petko, J., Sivo, S., & Lambie, G. W. (2020). The Research Self-Efficacy, interest in research, and research mentoring experiences of doctoral students in counselor education. Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision, 13(1). http://doi.org/10.7729/131.1310
Phillips, J. & Russell, R. (1994). Research self-efficacy, the research training environment, and research productivity among graduate students in counseling psychology. The Counseling Psychologist, 22(4), 628-641. doi: 10.1177/0011000094224008
Rachman, S. (1977). The conditioning theory of fear acquisition: A critical examination. Behavior Research and Therapy, 15(5), 375–387.
Rachman, S. (1991). Neo-conditioning and the classical theory of fear acquisition. Clinical Psychology Review, 11(2), 155–173.
Rahwan, I., Bongard, J., Breazeal, C. & Cradall, J. (2019). Machine behavior. Nature, 568 (25), 477–486.
Rezaei, M. & Zamani-Miandashti, N. (2013). The relationship between research self-efficacy, research anxiety and attitude toward research: a study of agricultural graduate students. Journal of Educational and Instructional Studies in the World, 3(4), 69-78.
Robbins, S. B., Lauver, K., Le, H., Davis, D., Langley, R., & Carlstrom, A. (2004). Do psychosocial and study skill factors predict college outcomes? A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 130, 261-288. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.130.2.261
Russell, A. (1996). Postgraduate research: Student and supervisor Views. The Flinders University of South Australia.
Russo, C., Romano, L., Clemente, D., Iacovone, L., Gladwin, T., Panno, A. (2025). Gender differences in artificial intelligence: the role of artificial intelligence anxiety. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, 1 – 9. 16:1559457. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1559457
Samuel,J.; Khanna, T. & Sundar, S. (2024). Fear of Artificial Intelligence? NLP, ML and LLMs based Discovery of AI-Phobia and Fear Sentiment Propagation by AI News.
DOI:10.13140/RG.2.2.33494.66885
Smith, C., B. McGuire, T. Huang, and G. Yang,(2006). The history of artificial intelligence. https://courses.cs.washington.edu/
Smith, H. & Burke, M. (1996). Information privacy: measuring individuals’ concerns about organizational practices, Management Information Systems Quarterly, 20 (2) 167–196.
Sweeney, L. (2013). Discrimination in online ad delivery. Communications of the Association for Computing, 56 (5), 44. Technol. Soc. 54, 93–100.
Terzi, R. (2020). An adaptation of artificial intelligence anxiety scale into Turkish: Reliability and validity study. International Online Journal of Education and Teaching (IOJET), 7(4). 1501-1515.
Thadphoothon, J. (2023). Gender and fear of AI. DOI:10.13140/RG.2.2.20295.47520.
Vaccaro, N. (2009). The relationship between research self-efficacy, perceptions of research training environment and interest in research training environment and interest in research counselor Education Doctoral students: An ex-post facto, cross-sectional correlational investigation. [Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation], College of Education, University of Central Florida, USA.
Valavanidis, A. (2023). Artificial Intelligence (AI) Applications. Τhe most important technology we ever develop, and we must ensure it is safe and beneficial to human civilization.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/369914014
Vasile, G. (2018). Why Are We Afraid of Artificial Intelligence (Ai)? European Review of Applied Sociology, 11(7), 6-15.
Venkatesh, V., Morris, M., Davis, G. & Davis, F. (2003). User acceptance of information technology: Toward a unified view. MIS Quarterly. 27(3): 425-478.
Venkatesh, V., Thong, J. , & Xu, X. (2012). Consumer acceptance and use of information technology: Extending the unified theory. Management Information Systems Quarterly, 36(1), 157–178. doi:10.2307/41410412.
Vieriu, A. and Petera, G. (2025). The impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on students' academic development. Education Science, 15, 343, 1 – 12. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci15030343.
Wang, S., Sun, Z., & Chen, Y. (2023). Effects of Higher Education Institutes’ Artificial Intelligence Capability on Students' Self-Efficacy, Creativity and Learning Performance. Education and Information Technologies, 28(5), 4919-4939.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-022-11338-4.
Wang, Y.; Wang, Y. (2022). Development and validation of an artificial intelligence anxiety scale: An initial application in predicting motivated learning behavior. Interactive Learning Environments, 30, 619–634.
Wigfield, A., & Eccles, J. S. (2000). Expectancy–value theory of achievement motivation. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 25(1), 68–81.
Yampolskiy, V., Roman, M. & Spellchecker, S. (2016). Artificial intelligence safety and cybersecurity: A timeline of AI failures. Available: http://arxiv.org/abs/1610.07997.
Zhou, J. (2025). The impact of AI use on college students' academic self-efficacy: Exploring the mediating role of anxiety. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Global Politics and Socio-Humanities, Education Psychology and Public Media. Ewa Direct.
Zhou, Y. (2015). The role of research self-efficacy in academic performance. Journal of Research and Development in Education, 48(3), 256–267. DOI: 10.54254/2753-7048/75/2024.17925.
: مجلة علمية محکمة للبحوث التربوية والنفسية والاجتماعية', './data/jsrep/coversheet/cover_en.jpg'))
مشاهدة على SCiNiTO