معدل انتشار اکتئاب ما بعد الولادة وعلاقته ببعض المتغيرات بالمنطقة الغربية من المملکة العربية السعودية. The Prevalence of Postnatal Depression in relation to some variables among Women in the Western Region of Saudi Arabia

نوع المستند : بحوث فی مجال علم النفس والصحة النفسیة

المؤلف

أستاذ علم النفس الإکلينيکي المساعد کلية الآداب-جامعة الملک عبد العزيز

المستخلص

تشير العديد من الدراسات 10%-15% من النساء في العالم يعانين من اکتئاب ما بعد الولادة مما جعله من أکثر القضايا الصحية أهمية. ويتأثر معدل انتشاره في المملکة العربية السعودية بعدد من العوامل ؛کالمعتقد، والعادات، والثقافة، والقيم. ولعل وجود مثل هذه العوامل تساعد في تفسير تلک التذبذبات في معدل الانتشار التي وجدتها دراسات أُجريت في العالم العربي. ولکون أعراض هذا المرض تستمر لأشهر تارکة أثرا على الأمهات وعلى الأطفال أيضا، فإن الدراسة الحالية هدفت إلى الکشف عن معدل انتشار اکتئاب ما بعد الولادة في البيئة السعودية وتحديدا في المنطقة الغربية منها. وقد شملت عينة الدراسة (217) من الأمهات السعوديات في مدينة جدة. وتم استخدام مقياس أدنبره لاکتئاب ما بعد الولادة،بنقطة قطع (13) تمشيا مع الدراسات السابقة التي استخدمت المقياس نفسه. وکذلک تم استخدام استبيان من إعداد الباحث. وأسفرت نتائج الدراسة الحالية عن معدل انتشار وصل (17.1%) لاکتئاب ما بعد الولادة في المنطقة الغربية من المملکة العربية السعودية. ومع وجود علاقة بين کلٍ من اکتئاب ما بعد الولادة وکل من : الإصابة السابقة بالاکتئاب، والمشاکل الصحية للمولود الجديد ، والرضا عن دعم ومساعدة الأهل في البيت، ومضاعفات الحمل. بينما لم تجد الدراسة الحالية أي علاقة بين اکتئاب ما بعد الولادة وبين کل من : طريقة الولادة ، وعمر الأم وتعليمها وکذلک عملها ، وجنس المولود الجديد، والرضا عن جنس المولود، والرغبة في الحمل ، واستخدام الرضاعة الطبيعية، والرضا عن دعم مساعدة الزوج. لذا توصي الدراسة الحالية بمزيد من البحث والدراسة لهذه العوامل مع إدراج عوامل أخرى قد تکون سببا في هذا المرض.
The prevalence of postnatal depression is one of the most important public health issues these days. The estimated effect of PND ranges from 10-15%. In Saudi society, the prevalence of this disorder remains influenced by beliefs, tradition, culture and values. This could explain the considerable disparity that has been seen in previous studies the prevalence of fluctuations that have been reported in the previous studies. The symptoms of postnatal depression manifest themselves differently and can last for months, leading to profound effects on mothers as well as mother-baby and family relationships. Therefore, the goal of the current study is to establish the prevalence rate and risk factors of PND in the western region of Saudi Arabia, as no single study has been done in this area. A total of 217 Saudi mothers have been recruited for the current study using the Edinburgh Postnatal Scale (EPDS) and a self-report questionnaire. Following the previous studies, a PND cut-off point of 13≥ has been used in the present study. Results: The study found the prevalence of PND to be approximately 17.1% among Saudi mothers. Factors: previous history of depression (= 67.74, df= 1, p<0.05), child health problems (= 31.42, df= 1, p<0.05), satisfaction with home support( = 43.47, df= 1, p<0.05) and complications during pregnancy (= 7.19, df= 1, p<0.05) which were statistically related to PND, while no relationships were found between PND and baby gender, the delivery type, breastfeeding, mother’s age and education level. More experimental studies need to be carried out to confirm these findings and to investigate more risk factors.

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المراجع

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