تأثير برنامج تدريبي بدني مهاري على بعض المتغيرات الفسيولوجية لطلاب جامعة طيبة دراسة تجريبية. Comparative Study: The Effect of Physical and Skills Training Program on Some Physiological Variables on the University Undergraduate Student

نوع المستند : بحوث فی مجال علم النفس والصحة النفسیة

المؤلف

کلية علوم الرياضة - جامعة مؤتة - الأردن

المستخلص

تعتمد ممارسة الرياضة على کفاءة الجهاز الدوري التنفسي الذي يلعب دورا أساسيا في تزويد العضلات العاملة بالأکسجين وسرعة التخلص من الفضلات الناتجة. والهدف الأساسي من هذا البحث هو اختبار تأثير برنامج تدريبي بدني مهاري مقترح علي بعض المتغيرات الفسيولوجية مثال النبض والضغط قبل التمرين (الراحة) وأثناء التمرين وفي فترات الاستشفاء والحد الأقصى لاستهلاک الأکسجين والقدرة التنفسية لدى تسعون طالبا من الطلاب الجدد بالسنة التحضيرية المنضمين لجامعة طيبة بالمدينة المنورة بالمملکة العربية السعودية. واختيرت العينة مجال الدراسة بطريقة عشوائية تسعين طالبا من الطلاب الجدد بالسنة التحضيرية المنضمين للجامعة غير المنتظمين في أي برنامج تدريبي أثناء القياسات القبلية والبعدية. وکانت أعمارهم السنية بين 17- 20 سنه (18 ± 0.9) أخضعوا لإجراء نوعين من الاختبارات القياسية قبل وبعد الانضمام لبرنامج تدريبي بدني مهاري ومرتين أسبوعيا لمدة 12 أسبوعا.
وکان البرنامج الاختباري الأول هو القيام بالجري علي سير الجري الکهربي لقياس معدل اللياقة البدنية من خلال قياس الحد الأقصى لاستهلاک الأکسجين وقياس النبض وضغط الدم الشريانى قبل التمرين (الراحة) وأثناء التمرين وعند أقصى مجهود وفي فترات الاستشفاء بعد أقصي مجهود علي سير الجري علي فترات 3 دقائق و5 دقائق و10دقائق و20 دقيقة و30 دقيقة. والاختبار الثاني هو قياس الوظائف الحيوية للتنفس مثل السعة القصوى للرئة والسعة الحيوية في الثانية الأولي ونسبة السعة الحيوية في الثانية الأولى إلي السعة القصوى بواسطة جهاز التنفس المبرمج مسبقا. وتم إجراء عمليات الإحصاء بواسطة الحاسب الآلي وبرنامج الإحصاء SPSS باستخدام طرق متعددة بالنسخة رقم 13.0 وبعد تجميع القيم الحسابية للقياسات السابقة.
وأظهرت النتائج وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية لصالح القياسات البعدية للبرنامج التدريبي البدني المهاري على متغيرات الحد الأقصى لاستهلاک الأکسيجين ووظائف التنفس ونبض الراحة وضغط الدم الانقباضي أثناء الراحة وسرعة نسبة الانخفاض المئوية في ضغط الدم والنبض أثناء الاستشفاء السلبي في حين لم تصل أي من هذه القياسات إلى قيمها أثناء الراحة. في حين لم تظهر النتائج وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية بين ضغط الدم الإنبساطي أثناء الراحة لقياسات ما قبل وبعد تطبيق البرنامج البدني المهارى. کما أظهرت النتائج أن التحسن في کفاءة الجهاز الدوري- التنفسي تلازمت مع ممارسة الرياضة والارتفاع في نسبة الحد الأقصى لاستهلاک الأکسيجين.ووجد أن استخدام مثل هذا البرنامجالتدريبي البدني المهاري المقترح قد لعب دورا أساسيا ومهما في رفع اللياقة البدنية والصحية للطلاب في مثل هذا المستوى العمري والبدني وعلى وجه الخصوص"و هو الأهم" رفع لياقة الجهاز الدوري التنفسي.
Cardiovascular fitness also called cardio-respiratory fitness is the ability of the lungs to provide oxygen to the blood and the heart to transport the oxygenated blood to the cells of the body. It is also the ability of the body to sustain an activity for an extended period of time. Pulmonary ventilation is generally known to have a linear relationship with oxygen consumption at different levels of exercise. Lung function parameters tend to have a relationship with lifestyle such as regular exercise and non- exercise. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of moderate training program on heart rate (HR), Blood pressure (Bp), and Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) in volunteered students, of thepreparatory year, Taibah University, AL-Madinah AL-Munawarah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Ninety subjects aged 17-20 years (18 ± 0.9) followed 12 weeks training program (2sessions/week). Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) was measured after they performed the treadmill with the equation, and secondly on nonconsecutive days they performed maximum-effort treadmill running exercise while the Heart rate and blood pressure were measured before and immediately after the exercise, and then during recovery period at 3min, 5min, 10min, 20min and 30min. Initial results of Pre- and post-training data were compared by using repeated measures ANOVA indicated significantly differences for VO2max, faster HR recovery after exercise, higher Systolic and Diastolic Blood Pressure (SBp & DBp). Further analysis included group after the training program also presented greater percent decrease of the HR and SBp after exercise during the recovery time. They performed two experiments before and after engagement in the prepared program for 12 weeks as shown in the enclosed appendix.
First running protocol on the treadmill maximum to measure (VO2max) by treadmill programe, measurements of the HR, Bp during rest, before exercise, and immediately after exercise at maximum effort, then during recovery at 3 min, 5 min, 10 min, 20 min and 30 min. Second, the recording of pulmonary function tests parameters FVC, FEV1 and FEV1/FVC%. by using computerized Spirometer. Initial results were analyzed by using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS V. 13.0) the initial analysis including a One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for repeated measures, and paired t-test for the mean and standard deviation values compared before and after the target training program.
The subjects post-training program mean values of the lower resting heart rate (63.21±5.04) and the higher systolic blood pressure (115.00±2.77) were significantly different in relation to subjects pre-training program values (p 2max) (46.69±4.52) were significantly different in relation to subjects pre-training program values for both variables (9.42±0.55 and 39.91±2.67) respectively. The FVC, and FEV, but not FEV1/FVC% ware significantly higher after program than before the program. There was positive correlation between the VO2max and the forced vital capacity (FVC) in athletes (r2= 0.549, p = 0.0002).
It is suggested that the endurance training program induced significant acceleration of HR recovery after exercise in volunteers. Faster HR and Bp recovery after exercise in after training program group should result from their higher levels of aerobic capacity.Proper preparation for our youth has become the most serious need of the hour as this would ultimately lead to development of the country and make safe future as the student is the corner stone for any development. Exercise and body mass indexare associated with better cardio-respiratory fitness, but respiratory function contributedlittle to this association in exercise. The results also suggested that the elevated level of physical fitness in athletes very closely related to their VO2max values but not so much related to the pulmonary function

الكلمات الرئيسية

الموضوعات الرئيسية

المراجع

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